LC
Spotted Crake Porzana porzana



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Perrins, C.M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cramp, S.; Perrins, C. M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2016 Least Concern
2012 Least Concern
2009 Least Concern
2008 Least Concern
2004 Least Concern
2000 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988 Lower Risk/Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status full migrant Forest dependency does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 28,000,000 km2 medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 49,100,000 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 500000-999999 mature individuals poor estimated 2012
Population trend stable - suspected -
Generation length 2.7 years - - -

Population justification: The European population is estimated at 161,000-251,000 calling or lekking males, which equates to 323,000-501,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms approximately 55% of the global range so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 590,000-910,000 mature individuals. The population is therefore placed in the band 500,000-999,999 mature individuals. This corresponds well with the latest global population estimate by Wetlands International (2015) of 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.

Trend justification: The overall population trend is estimated to be stable (Wetlands International 2015). The European population trend is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Afghanistan extant native yes
Albania extant native yes
Algeria extant native
Armenia extant native yes
Austria extant native yes
Azerbaijan extant native yes yes
Bahrain extant native yes yes
Belarus extant native yes
Belgium extant native yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina extant native
Botswana extant native
Bulgaria extant native yes
Burundi extant native
Cameroon extant vagrant
Chad extant native
China (mainland) extant native
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the extant native
Côte d'Ivoire extant vagrant
Croatia extant native yes
Cyprus extant native
Czechia extant native yes
Denmark extant native yes yes
Djibouti extant vagrant
Egypt extant native
Eritrea extant native
Estonia extant native yes
Ethiopia extant native
Faroe Islands (to Denmark) extant vagrant
Finland extant native yes yes
France extant native yes yes
Gambia extant vagrant
Georgia extant native yes
Germany extant native yes yes
Ghana extant native
Greece extant native yes yes
Greenland (to Denmark) extant vagrant
Hungary extant native yes
Iceland extant vagrant
India extant native
Iran, Islamic Republic of extant native yes yes
Iraq extant native yes
Ireland extant native yes
Israel extant native
Italy extant native yes yes
Jordan extant native yes
Kazakhstan extant native yes
Kenya extant native
Kuwait extant native yes yes
Kyrgyzstan extant native yes yes
Latvia extant native yes
Lebanon extant native yes yes
Lesotho extant native
Liberia extant native
Libya extant native
Liechtenstein extant vagrant
Lithuania extant native yes
Luxembourg extant native yes
Malawi extant native
Mali extant vagrant
Malta extant native yes
Mauritania extant native
Moldova extant native yes
Montenegro extant native yes
Morocco extant native
Mozambique extant native
Myanmar extant vagrant
Namibia extant vagrant
Nepal extant vagrant
Netherlands extant native yes
Niger extant vagrant
Nigeria extant native
North Macedonia extant native yes
Norway extant native yes
Oman extant native yes yes
Pakistan extant native
Palestine extant native yes
Poland extant native yes
Portugal extant native yes
Qatar extant native yes
Romania extant native yes
Russia extant native yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes
Russia (Central Asian) extant native yes
Russia (European) extant native yes
Saudi Arabia extant native yes yes
Senegal extant native
Serbia extant native yes
Seychelles extant vagrant
Slovakia extant native yes
Slovenia extant native yes
Somalia extant vagrant
South Africa extant native
South Sudan extant native yes
Spain extant native yes
St Helena (to UK) extant vagrant
Sudan extant native
Sweden extant native yes
Switzerland extant native yes
Syria extant native yes
Tajikistan extant native
Tanzania extant native
Thailand extant vagrant
Tunisia extant native
Türkiye extant native yes
Turkmenistan extant native yes
Uganda extant vagrant
Ukraine extant native yes
United Arab Emirates extant native yes
United Kingdom extant native yes
Uzbekistan extant native yes
Yemen extant native yes
Zambia extant native
Zimbabwe extant native

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Austria Feuchte Ebene and Rauchwarther Platte
Austria Neusiedler See
Austria Southern Seewinkel and Zitzmannsdorfer Wiesen
Belarus Balota Zvaniec
Belarus Biarezina-Hajna
Belarus Dniepr floodplain Lojeŭ-Žary
Belarus Mid Prypiac'
Belarus Prostyr
Bulgaria Bakarlaka
Bulgaria Pomorie Lake
Bulgaria Ropotamo Complex
Bulgaria Strandzha
Croatia Krka and Surrounding Plateau
Croatia Lower Posavina
Croatia Neretva Delta
Croatia Podunavlje and Lower Podravlje
Croatia Vrana Lake and Jasen
Czechia Bohdanecsky rybnik pond
Czechia Zehunský rybník pond
Estonia Mouth of the Emajõgi river and Piirissaar island
Estonia Ropka-Ihaste
Estonia Väinameri
Finland Koijärvi lake
Finland Koskeljärvi, Vaaljärvi and Pitkäjärvi lakes
Finland Oulu region wetlands
Finland Outokumpu wetlands
Finland Pori archipelago and wetlands
Finland Siikalahti bay and Sammallampi lake
Finland Torronsuo and Lake Talpianjärvi
France Basses Vallées Angevines
France Bassin du Drugeon: Pontarlier-Frasne
France Estuaire de la Loire
France Estuaire et embouchure de la Seine
France Estuaires picards : baies de Somme et d'Authie
France Marais arrières littoraux picards
France Marais de Brière
France Marais de Manteyer
France Petite Camargue fluvio-lacustre
France Planèze de Saint-Flour
France Vallée de la Charente et de la Seugne (Cabariot-Pons/St-Sever-de-Saintonge)
France Vallée de la Saône de Corre à Broye
Germany Altmühl valley between Treuchtlingen and Leutershausen with Altmühlsee
Germany Barnbruch
Germany Bastau lowlands
Germany Blockland - lower Wümme valley - Westliches Hollerland
Germany Bogs and heathlands of the Westmünsterland
Germany Charlottenhofer Weihergebiet and Hirtlohweiher
Germany Danube valley: Regensburg-Vilshofen
Germany Donau-Auen and Donau-Ried: Höchstädt - Donauwörth
Germany Donauried
Germany Drömling (Sachsen-Anhalt)
Germany Dümmer
Germany Duvenstedter Brook
Germany Eastern shore of Lake Müritz, Grosser Schwerin and Steinhorn
Germany Elbe lowlands Jerichow
Germany Elbe lowlands near Bertingen
Germany Elbe marshes between Stade and Otterndorf
Germany Ems valley between Leer and Emden
Germany Eschefeld ponds
Germany Federseeried
Germany Fiener Bruch
Germany Grosshartmannsdorfer Grossteich
Germany Lahn valley from Marburg to Wetzlar
Germany Lakes of Schwerin, Dambeck and Warin
Germany Leine valley near Salzderhelden
Germany Lower Elbe valley
Germany Lower Gersprenz lowlands incl. Reinheim pond
Germany Lower Havel - Lake Schollene - Lake Gülpe
Germany Lower Oder valley
Germany Lower Rhine
Germany Lowlands of middle Havel
Germany Lowlands of the Rivers Eider, Treene and Sorge
Germany Middle Elbe valley with Steckby-Lödderitz forest
Germany Mittlere Schwäbische Alb with Albuch, Härtsfeld and Schmiechener See
Germany Mönchbruch of Mörfelden and Rüsselsheim and heath extensions (GG)
Germany Murnauer Moos and Loisach-Kochel-Moore
Germany Neckar oxbows in the Hessian Ried
Germany Niedervieland, Ochtumniederung
Germany Oldenburger Graben and Wesseker See
Germany Peenetal (Peenetalmoor and Anklamer Stadtbruch)
Germany Pfrunger and Burgweiler Ried
Germany Ponds and Elbe valley near Torgau
Germany Pressel wooded heath and mire
Germany Putzarer See, Galenbecker See, Brohmer Berge
Germany Recknitz and Trebel valley
Germany Rhine flats Altlußheim-Mannheim
Germany Rieselfelder Münster
Germany Saale-Elster valley
Germany Salziger See and Salza valley
Germany Schorfheide-Chorin
Germany Schwarzensee and Kolbenmoor with Kolbensee
Germany Selent-Plön fishponds
Germany Spreewald
Germany Traveförde and Dassower See
Germany Uckermark lake region
Germany Ueckermünder Heide
Germany Untersee of Lake Constance
Germany Vogelfreistätte Mittlere Isar-Stauseen
Germany Wagbach lowlands
Germany Werderland
Germany Wernauer and Unterensinger gravel pits
Germany Werra meadows near Bad Salzungen
Germany Wetterau
Germany Wümme lowlands Borgfeld-Fischerhude
Hungary Hortobágy and Tisza-to
Italy Lake Massaciuccoli
Italy Punte Alberete and Valle della Canna, Pineta San Vitale and Pialassa della Baiona
Italy Valli Bolognesi
Latvia Dviete flood-plain
Latvia Engure lake
Latvia Kemeri national park
Latvia Lielupe flood-plain meadows
Latvia Seda marsh
Lithuania Agricultural land near the Kalvarija settlement
Lithuania Birveta Fish-farm including segments of Dysna River and Birveta River valleys
Lithuania Birzulius-Stervas marshes complex
Lithuania Bogged meadows at Ezerelis exploited peatbog
Lithuania Exploited Sulinkiai peatbog
Lithuania Flooded meadows arround the Senoji & Naujoji Rusne lakes
Lithuania Lake Druksiai
Lithuania Metelys, Dusia & Obelija lakes
Lithuania Nemunas delta regional Park
Lithuania Novaraistis State Ornithological Reserve
Lithuania Zemaitija National Park
Lithuania Zuvintas Biosphere Reserve
Luxembourg Haff Réimech
Luxembourg Upper Valley of the Alzette
Luxembourg Valley of the Syre
Netherlands De Wieden
Netherlands Leekstermeergebied
Netherlands Onlanden
Netherlands Oostvaardersplassen
Netherlands Zuidlaardermeergebied
Poland Bialowieza Forest
Poland Biebrza river valley
Poland Kampinos forest
Poland Lower Bug river valley
Poland Lower Notec River Valley
Poland Lower Odra river valley
Poland Middle Warta River Valley
Poland Nida Rivar Valley
Poland Pisz forest
Poland Siemianowka Reseirvoir
Poland Solska Forest
Poland Swidwie Site
Poland Vistula Lagoon
Poland Warta River Mouth
Romania Câmpia Cermeiului
Romania Comana
Romania Danube Delta
Romania Lake Strachina
Romania Mândra wetlands
Russia (European) Bryn'
Russia (European) Floodplain of Ural and Kindeli rivers
Russia (European) Ressetinskiye floods
Russia (European) Tishskaya Dal' area
Russia (European) Valley of Zhizdra river
Slovakia Horná Orava
Slovakia Poiplie
Slovenia Črete
Slovenia Lake Cerknica
Spain Albufera de Mallorca and Albufereta de Pollença marshes
Sweden Lake Hornborga
Ukraine Lyman lake
Ukraine Mzha river valley
Ukraine Oril' river valley
Ukraine Pryp'yat' river valley
Ukraine Sejm river valley (Vyrky village)
Ukraine Stokhod river valley
Ukraine Turiya river valley
Ukraine Udaj river valley
United Kingdom Caithness Lochs
United Kingdom Lower Derwent Valley
United Kingdom Nene Washes
United Kingdom Uists Machairs, Lochs and Coast

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches suitable breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches suitable non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land suitable breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land suitable non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas suitable breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas suitable non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) suitable breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) suitable non-breeding
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded suitable breeding
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Shrub Dominated Wetlands suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Shrub Dominated Wetlands suitable breeding
Altitude 0 - 2420 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Climate change & severe weather Habitat shifting & alteration Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spotted Crake Porzana porzana. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spotted-crake-porzana-porzana on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.