Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Anas platyrhynchos and A. fulvigula (incorporating diazi) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. platyrhynchos (incorporating diazi) and A. fulvigula following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 127,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 135,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | increasing | - | suspected | - |
| Generation length | 6.6 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number > c.19,000,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 2,850,000-4,610,000 pairs, which equates to 5,700,000-9,220,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is increasing, although some populations may be stable, fluctuating, decreasing, and others have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). This species has undergone a large and statistically significant increase over the last 40 years in North America (99.3% increase over 40 years, equating to a 18.8% increase per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: [Butcher and Niven 2007]) and in 2015 the species's abundance was 51% above the long-term average for the period 1955-2014 (Zimpfer et al. 2015). In Europe the population size is estimated to be stable (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Algeria | extant | native | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | introduced | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahamas | extant | native | ||||
| Bahrain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bangladesh | extant | native | ||||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belize | extant | native | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bhutan | extant | native | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brunei | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | ||||
| Cook Islands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cuba | extant | native | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Djibouti | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominican Republic | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| Egypt | extant | native | ||||
| Eritrea | extant | native | ||||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | ||||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | extant | native | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Fiji | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| France | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Gambia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | ||||
| Haiti | extant | native | ||||
| Honduras | extant | native | ||||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | native | ||||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iceland | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ireland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jamaica | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | native | ||||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | native | ||||
| Kiribati | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Libya | extant | native | ||||
| Liechtenstein | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Luxembourg | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malaysia | extant | native | ||||
| Mali | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malta | extant | native | ||||
| Marshall Islands | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mauritania | extant | native | ||||
| Mexico | extant | native | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | native | ||||
| Myanmar | extant | native | ||||
| Nepal | extant | native | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | possibly extinct | introduced | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extant | introduced | yes | |||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | ||||
| Niger | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nigeria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | native | ||||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Philippines | extant | native | ||||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | ||||
| Qatar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Slovenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Somalia | extant | native | ||||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | extant | native | ||||
| South Korea | extant | native | ||||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sudan | extant | native | ||||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Switzerland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | ||||
| Tajikistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Tunisia | extant | native | ||||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vanuatu | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Vietnam | extant | native | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | vagrant |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Aquaculture Ponds | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Aquaculture Ponds | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels) | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 1000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | subsistence, national |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Mallard Anas platyrhynchos. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mallard-anas-platyrhynchos on 27/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 27/12/2024.