Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 16,900,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 5,800,000 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 3300000-5300000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2018 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | estimated | 2015-2025 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 10-19% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 10-19% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 10-19% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 2.8 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 6-100 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The European breeding population is estimated to be 1,140,000-1,880,000 pairs, which equates to 2,290,000-3,750,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2021). The European estimate covers approximately 70% of the global range, so a preliminary estimate of the global population size is 3,300,000-5,300,000 mature individuals. The introduced, non-native population in the U.S. is now estimated at 820,000 individuals (Partners in Flight 2021).
Trend justification: The species has suffered marked declines in all parts of its native range owing to habitat loss and degradation caused by agricultural intensification, the loss of insect prey caused by pesticides, and predation (Carroll et al. 2020). These declines correspond with the long-term (1980-2018) decline reported for the European population by the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS; EBCC 2018), equating to an overall decline of 19% over 10 years for the region (BirdLife International 2021). Rates of reduction are higher within the EU, estimated to be greater than 30% over the same period (BirdLife International 2021). Rates of reduction in the remainder of the range need to be determined, but are suspected to be similar to or lower than the European average rate (i.e. the rate within the EU is higher than in the rest of the range). Accordingly, the species is not though to meet or approach the required thresholds for listing as threatened, but is assessed as declining at a slow to moderate rate. Given uncertainty in the extent of impacts from hunting, both agricultural intensification and habitat change due to agricultural abandonment in parts of the European range, pollution and changes in predation patterns coupled with changes in weather patterns on population structure (Carroll et al. 2020), extensive sampled monitoring to inform the species' population trend is necessary.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Andorra | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Canada | extant | introduced | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cyprus | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | |||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | |||
| France | extant | native | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | |||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liechtenstein | extinct | native | yes | |||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Luxembourg | extant | native | yes | |||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extinct | introduced | yes | |||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | |||
| Switzerland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | extant | introduced | yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | major | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 2600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Circus aeruginosus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Circus cyaneus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Grey Partridge Perdix perdix. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/grey-partridge-perdix-perdix on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.