Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Vulnerable | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2013 | Vulnerable | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | A2b,c,d; A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2006 | Vulnerable | |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 7,060,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 21,900,000 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 16000-27000 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2008 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | suspected | 1998-2008 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 11.4 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The most recent total population estimate is 24,000-40,000 individuals, which compares with previous published global estimates of 25,000 to 30,000 individuals (Lorentsen et al. 1999) and 22,000 to 27,000 (Delany and Scott 2006). This includes 10,000-21,000 individuals in autumn in its Western Palearctic range (Jones et al. 2008, Fox et al. 2010) and 14,000-19,000 individuals from the East Asian Flyway (Jia et al. 2016, C. Lei per A. Fox in litt. 2016). In 1988-1993, 64,000 individuals were recorded (Jia et al. 2016); in 1997, the number declined to 20,000 individuals (Li and Mundkur 2004), and to less than 17,000 individuals (Morozov and Syroechkovski 2005): 16,937 birds were counted in the Lower Yangtze Valley in 2004 (Barter et al. 2004), and 16,600 in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in 2004 (Barter 2005). The Russian populations have declined from a former estimate of 30,000-50,000 individuals (Morozov 1995). The Fennoscandian population has declined from more than 10,000 birds in the early 20th century.
Trend justification: This species's population is suspected to have decreased rapidly, owing to high levels of hunting on the staging and wintering grounds and habitat deterioration, largely as a result of land cultivation. The decrease in numbers has been accompanied by fragmentation of the breeding range and is continuing to affect all populations. Modelling indicates that 28% of the habitat for this species could be lost by 2070 (Zöckler and Lysenko 2000).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Albania | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | ||||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| Egypt | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| France | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | |||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| India | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jordan | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Myanmar | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | reintroduced | yes | |||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| South Korea | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Tajikistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Tundra | suitable | breeding |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | suitable | breeding | |
| Shrubland | Subarctic | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 700 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Nomadic grazing | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Gathering terrestrial plants - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Neovison vison | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes lagopus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Large dams | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | subsistence, national |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/lesser-white-fronted-goose-anser-erythropus on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.