Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 223,000,000 km2 | |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 262,000,000 km2 | |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2009 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | suspected | - |
| Generation length | 17.3 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number >200,000 individuals (del Hoyo et al. 1992). National population sizes have been estimated at c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Taiwan and c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs, c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.1,000-10,000 wintering individuals in Japan (Brazil 2009).
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to disturbance and unsustainable levels of exploitation.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | extant | native | yes | |||
| Anguilla (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahamas | extant | native | yes | |||
| Barbados | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | |||
| Benin | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brunei | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cambodia | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Cameroon | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cape Verde | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chile | extant | uncertain | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Comoros | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cook Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Djibouti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Dominica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| El Salvador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Equatorial Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Fiji | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Guiana | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Polynesia | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Southern Territories | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Gabon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gambia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Ghana | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Grenada | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guyana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Haiti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Indonesia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kiribati | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liberia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Madagascar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malaysia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Maldives | extant | native | yes | |||
| Marshall Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritius | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Mayotte (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Mozambique | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nauru | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nigeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| North Korea | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Palau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | native | yes | |||
| Papua New Guinea | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Philippines | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Samoa | extant | native | yes | |||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | extant | native | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Seychelles | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sierra Leone | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Singapore | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Solomon Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Somalia | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| South Korea | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| St Helena (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Lucia | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Martin (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Suriname | extant | native | yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | extant | native | yes | |||
| Togo | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Tonga | extant | native | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tuvalu | extant | uncertain | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uruguay | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vanuatu | extant | native | yes | |||
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Western Sahara | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | suitable | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | resident |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | resident |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 100 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Garbage & solid waste | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Brown Booby Sula leucogaster. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/brown-booby-sula-leucogaster on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.