Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Near Threatened | A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2b,c,d,e; A3b,c,d,e; A4b,c,d,e |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | high |
| Land-mass type |
shelf island continent |
Average mass | 238 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 3,470,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 550000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2019 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 2012-2024 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 3.87 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population of the White-crowned Pigeon is currently estimated at 550,000 mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2019).
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline overall owing to ongoing habitat degradation and unsustainable levels of hunting, although the small population in the USA is increasing (based on Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count data: Butcher and Niven 2007). Populations in the Cayman Islands are fluctuating corresponding to rainfall and food availability with the latest assessment showing 2,650 birds (SE 942) in Grand Cayman, March 2018 and 1,274 birds (SE 474) in Cayman Brac, March 2019 (Haakonsson 2019). Forest loss is currently estimated at ~3% within the species's range (Tracewski et al. 2016).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahamas | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Costa Rica | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Dominica | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | |||
| Haiti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | native | yes | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| St Lucia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| St Martin (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-crowned-pigeon-patagioenas-leucocephala on 19/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 19/12/2024.