Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Vulnerable | D1 |
| 2019 | Vulnerable | D1 |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | D1 |
| 2013 | Vulnerable | D1 |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | D1 |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | D1 |
| 2005 | Vulnerable | |
| 2004 | Endangered | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 282,000 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 1060-1080 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2020 |
| Population trend | increasing | good | estimated | 1960-2008 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-100% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 15.27 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The species's global population is estimated at 530-540 breeding pairs, equating to 1,060-1,080 mature individuals (BirdLife International in prep.), which is assumed to be indicative of a total population of c.1,600 individuals.
Trend justification: The population has been increasing since recovery efforts started in the late 1960s (Mateos et al. 2021). It is estimated to have increased by c.167% between 2007-2018, with a long-term (1980-2018) increase of c.500% (BirdLife International in prep.), although the population now appears to have reached a plateau (S. Cabezas-Díaz in litt. 2020). The species recolonised Portugal in 2003, where it has been slowly increasing since, with six breeding pairs recorded in 2011, nine in 2012, 16 in 2016 and 17 in 2019 (S. Cabezas-Díaz and J. C. Atienza in litt. 2016; S. Cabezas-Diaz in litt. 2020).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| France | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | native | yes | |||
| Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Western Sahara | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Desert | Hot | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | major | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | major | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic species/disease of unknown origin - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Likely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avipoxvirus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Transportation & service corridors | Utility & service lines | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spanish-imperial-eagle-aquila-adalberti on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.