Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | A2bcde+3cde+4bcde | A2bcde+3cde+4bcde |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Endangered | A2bcde+3cde+4bcde |
| 2016 | Endangered | A2bcde+3cde+4bcde |
| 2013 | Endangered | A2bcde+3cde+4bcde |
| 2012 | Endangered | A2bcde+3cde+4bcde |
| 2010 | Vulnerable | A2b,c,d; A3c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2008 | Endangered | A2b,c,d; A3c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2004 | Endangered | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Near Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 19,100,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 43,200,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 12200-29800 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2014 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | estimated | 2007-2026 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 6.08 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
Population justification: The historical and present global population size remains subject to considerable uncertainty; however, a revised analysis of available data resulted in a global population estimate of c.17,400-28,800 breeding pairs (median c.22,100) in 1990, incorporating estimates for the most important range states as given by Moshkin (2010), with the largest numbers in China (3,000-7,000 pairs, median 5,000), Kazakhstan (4,808-5,628 pairs, median 5,218), Mongolia (2,792-6,980 pairs, median 3,884) and Russia (5,700-7,300 pairs, median 6,500), in addition to collated estimates for other countries (Haines 2002, Dixon 2007, 2009).
A total population of c.6,100-14,900 pairs (median c.10,500), equating to 12,200-29,800 mature individuals, was calculated as part of the Saker Falcon Action Plan (Kovács et al. 2014), including the most important range states of China (1,000-5,000 pairs, median 3,000 [A. Dixon in litt. 2012]), Kazakhstan (700-1,400 in 2012; median 1,050 pairs [per Kovács et al. 2014]), Mongolia (2,000-5,000 pairs, median 3,500 [Dixon 2009; per Kovács et al. 2014]) and Russia (1,553-2,089 in 2011, median 1,821 [Karyakin and Nikolenko 2011, Karyakin et al. 2012 per Kovács et al. 2014]), and collated estimates for other countries (Haines 2002, Dixon 2007, 2009, see Kovács et al. 2014). The small European population is estimated at 430-630 pairs, equivalent to 860-1,300 mature individuals (BirdLife International In prep.).
Trend justification: The global population was estimated at c.17,400-28,800 breeding pairs (median c.22,100) in 1990, and c.6,100-14,900 pairs (median c.10,500) in 2013. Assuming a generation length of 6.08 years (Bird et. al. 2020) and that the species's decline had already begun (at least in some areas) prior to the 1990s (consumption in the Middle East was heavy by the mid-1980s), the overall population trend during the 19-year period 2002-2021 equates to a 44.6% decline (based on median estimates), with a minimum-maximum decline of 12-71%. Given the substantial degree of uncertainty over the estimates used, the population trend is best placed precautionarily in the band for a 50-79% decline over three generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Albania | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Algeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Austria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahrain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bangladesh | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bhutan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Burundi | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cameroon | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Chad | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Djibouti | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Finland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | native | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Germany | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| India | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Israel | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Libya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mali | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Malta | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Morocco | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nepal | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Niger | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Pakistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Qatar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Senegal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| South Korea | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Tajikistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tunisia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Turkmenistan | extinct | native | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Uganda | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Yemen | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | major | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | major | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | marginal | unknown |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | major | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 4700 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Large dams | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Other options | Other threat | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Transportation & service corridors | Utility & service lines | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | national, international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Saker Falcon Falco cherrug. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/saker-falcon-falco-cherrug on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.