Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | A2abc+3bc+4abc |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Vulnerable | A2abc+3bc+4abc |
| 2018 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2013 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2bc+3bc+4bc |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2b,c; A3b,c; A4b,c |
| 2005 | Near Threatened | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | low |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 11,900,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 3,360,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 287500-400000 mature individuals | medium | suspected | 2001 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | inferred | 2012-2025 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 25-45% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 25-45% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 25-45% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 4.11 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The European population, forming c.40% of the global population, is estimated to be 115,000-160,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International in prep.). The global population is therefore suspected to be 287,500-400,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: The European population of 57,800-84,800 pairs (forming c.40% of the global population) (BirdLife International in prep.) suffered a large decline during 1970-1990 (Tucker and Heath 1994), and continued to decline during 1990-2000, particularly in the key populations in Russia and Ukraine, with overall declines exceeding 30% in 10 years (BirdLife International 2004). The European population is now estimated to be decreasing at a rate of 35-40% in 12 years (three generations [Bird et al. 2020]) (BirdLife International in prep.). A national scale survey conducted in Ukraine in 2009 estimated an approximate decline of 23% compared to 1990-2000 (Kostenko 2009). The Ukrainian population declined further between 2001 and 2012 by 10-20% as reported in the European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015) and recently it was estimated to be 2,000-2,600 pairs (Yaremchenko et al. in Palatitz et al. 2018). The European Russian population is estimated to have declined by 15-20% in three generations (BirdLife International in prep.). In Hungary estimated populations declined from 2,000-2,500 pairs in the late 1980s to 600-700 pairs based on surveys in 2003-2006, but active conservation measures stabilized the trend and helped to increase the population to 1,200-1,300 breeding pairs in the last decade (Palatitz et al. 2018). The population within this country is becoming highly conservation dependent on artificial nests (Palatitz et al 2015; Solt et al. 2018), as decline and habitat shift of Rook to urban areas created a lack of natural nest sites in natural habitats. There has been a dramatic decline in breeding numbers in Slovakia, but nest box schemes recently stopped the decline (Slobodník et al. 2017). In Bulgaria the population was previously estimated at 50-150 pairs but dropped to 15-50 pairs based on a partial survey conducted in 2009 (Palatitz et al. 2009), was estimated at 10-15 pairs for the period 2005-2012 (BirdLife International 2015) and could be less than 10 pairs (Chezmediev in Palatitz et al. 2018). In 2006, surveys in Bulgaria found the species breeding at only 26 sites, out of 75 known locations (Anon. 2007). The population in Romania was estimated to be 1,000-1,500 pairs between 2006 and 2013 with a decreasing trend of 15-30% for the period 2001-2013 (BirdLife International 2015). The population in Romania was estimated to be 1,300-1,600 pairs in 2018 (Nagy in Palatitz et al. 2018). The small isolated population established in the 90's in Italy is stable, 50-70 pairs are breeding in the Northern lowland of Parma mainly in artificial nests (BirdLife International 2004; Gustin et al. in Palatitz et al. 2009).
Little data is available on trends outside of Europe. Declines have been reported from eastern Siberia, where the species may have disappeared as a breeder from the Baikal region (Popov 2000, 2012); e.g. only single summer records are known in the northern part of the Irkutsk Region in the last decade (Popov 2012, 2018). Populations in natural forest habitats in central Asia appear to be stable, with the species reported to be common in suitable habitats in Kazakhstan (Bragin 2015). However, large declines have been observed in agricultural landscapes (which support over half of the population) in Kazakhstan and Russia due to a decline in Rook colonies and increased use of pesticides (A. Bragin, personal communication 2021). With part of the population in this area stable, and part suspected to be declining at a rate of over 70%, the overall population decline in Central Asia is suspected to be 25-45%.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Algeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Angola | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Austria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Benin | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Botswana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Burkina Faso | extant | native | yes | |||
| Burundi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cameroon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Central African Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chad | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | |||
| Djibouti | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eswatini | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| France | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Gabon | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gambia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ghana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kuwait | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lesotho | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Liberia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Libya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liechtenstein | extant | native | yes | |||
| Luxembourg | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malawi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mali | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malta | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
| Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Niger | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nigeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Rwanda | extant | native | yes | |||
| San Marino | extant | native | yes | |||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Slovenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Somalia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | |||
| Switzerland | extant | native | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tajikistan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Togo | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tunisia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uganda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uzbekistan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Yemen | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Zimbabwe | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Boreal | suitable | breeding |
| Forest | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 1500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-footed-falcon-falco-vespertinus on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.