Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Near Threatened | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2015 | Near Threatened | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d |
| 2006 | Near Threatened | |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Near Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 9,730,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 17,900,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 200000-380000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2018 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | inferred | 2013-2025 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 4.1 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The Great Snipe consists of two genetically isolated (Ekblom et al., 2007) and morphologically distinct (Kalas et al., 1997b) breeding populations with distinct flyways: Western Siberia & NE Europe/SE Africa and Scandinavia/West Africa, with estimated population sizes of 191,000-344,000 mature individuals (290,000-520,000 total) and 13,000-35,000 mature individuals (19,000-52,000 total), respectively (Wetlands International, 2021). This sums up to 204,000-379,000 mature individuals globally (rounded to 200,000-380,000), and 310,000-570,000 total individuals. The European population size is inferred (from numbers of lekking males) to be between 104,000-181,000 (or 156,000-271,500 total), with a best estimate of 136,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International in prep.). It should be noted that the estimation of effective breeding populations from numbers of lekking males is difficult as possibly only 50% of males obtain matings (J. A. Kålås in litt. 2007).
Trend justification: Recent analyses suggest the European population has declined by 21.1% over three generations (BirdLife International in prep.). The Scandinavian subpopulation appears stable, despite a 24-25% decline in Sweden between 2009-18 (BirdLife International in prep.). Between 1980-2018, the population in Norway and Sweden has declined by 15-19% (Wetlands International, 2021). The Western Siberian & NE European subpopulation, which makes up to 90% of the global population, appears to be declining. A 21-29% during 2009-18 has been reported in Russia, which comprises >80% of the European population, as well as a 22-25% decline in Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania and Latvia (Birdlife International (in prep.)). Mongin & Davidyonok (2019) have reported reductions in the number of lekking males in Belarus at a rate of >5% per year. Data from Asian Russia is limited but it is thought that the population there may be declining (R. Ekblom in litt. 2015, V. Morozov per A. Mischenko in litt. 2015), and overall a moderately rapid reduction is still suspected. An expansion has been noted in the north of the Moscow Region since the 1990s (Sviridova et al., 2018). From this knowledge, it is reasonable to suspect a 20-29% reduction over the past three generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Algeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Angola | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | uncertain | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahrain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Benin | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Botswana | extant | native | yes | |||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Burkina Faso | extant | native | yes | |||
| Burundi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cameroon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Central African Republic | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Chad | extant | native | yes | |||
| Congo | extant | native | yes | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | native | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | |||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| Equatorial Guinea | extant | uncertain | yes | yes | ||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Estonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | |||
| France | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gabon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gambia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ghana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hungary | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jordan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liberia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Libya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liechtenstein | extant | uncertain | yes | |||
| Lithuania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Luxembourg | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malawi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mali | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malta | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Moldova | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extinct | vagrant | ||||
| Nigeria | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Rwanda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovakia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Somalia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sri Lanka | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Switzerland | extant | uncertain | yes | |||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Togo | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tunisia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uganda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Yemen | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Zimbabwe | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | unset | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Subarctic | major | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Savanna | Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Boreal | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 2600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Great Snipe Gallinago media. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-snipe-gallinago-media on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.