Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | C2a(ii) | C2a(i,ii); D1 |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Endangered | C2a(ii) |
| 2016 | Endangered | C2a(i) |
| 2012 | Endangered | C2a(i) |
| 2008 | Endangered | C2a(i) |
| 2006 | Endangered | |
| 2004 | Endangered | |
| 2000 | Endangered | |
| 1996 | Endangered | |
| 1994 | Endangered | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
| Land-mass type |
continent shelf island |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 749,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 8,120,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 900-1600 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2023 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | - |
| Generation length | 4.92 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Global population size of this species was previously estimated to number less than 1,000 birds (e.g. BirdLife International 2001) but more recent count data from its southbound migration has found this evidently to be an underestimate. Cao et al. (2023) revised this estimate to 1,500-2,000 birds, based on counts of at least 1,194 individuals at Tiaozini alone in September 2021, with additional birds counted at neighbouring Xiaoyangkou and Dongling taking the minimum number to c.1,300. They concluded that the latter total was unlikely to represent the total number of birds due to survey effort, but concluded it probably represents the majority of the global population. The estimate of 1,500-2,000 (Cao et al. 2023) is therefore accepted here. Because these counts are made post-breeding, it is unlikely that they all refer to mature individuals, although the percentage that are is not well known. To account for uncertainty in this calculation, 60-80% are suspected to be mature individuals, leaving a total population size of 900-1,600 mature individuals.
Trend justification: Current trend effectively unknown but precautionarily inferred to be declining following previous evidence for declines on breeding grounds. The recent increase in estimated population size (e.g. BirdLife International [2001] vs current assessment) is highly unlikely to reflect a genuine increase in abundance, with an increase in monitoring and coordination of counts, particularly on staging grounds in eastern China, allowing for a refinement in population size (see Cao et al. 2023).
Against historical descriptions of abundance, there can be little double that this species has declined. For example, the population has declined in Bangladesh from c.300 to c.40-50 (Maleko et al . 2021), while the vast scale of land-reclamation in South Korea effectively extirpated the species from Saemangeum after 2006 (Moores et al. 2016). While land reclamation has slowed in recent years, invasive Spartina cordgrass continues to heavily degrade large areas of suitable habitat (IUCN 2023), although counts of the species at key staging and wintering sites have scarcely changed in the last five years. Accordingly the current trend is difficult to determine, although it is precautionarily inferred to be declining due to the continuation of threats which have been proven to drive population declines in the past. The congregation of large percentages of this species' population render it particularly vulnerable, and large areas of coastal wetlands across the East Asian-Australasian Flyway lack formal protection (Xia et al. 2017, Li et al. 2019), including important wintering grounds in the Inner Gulf of Thailand (Zöckler et al. 2018), while hunting and trapping also remains an acute threat (Maleko et al. 2021). In the absence of robust monitoring data, rates of decline are not, however, estimated.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brunei | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cambodia | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Indonesia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Malaysia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Philippines | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Singapore | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Korea | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sri Lanka | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Boreal | major | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Energy production & mining | Oil & gas drilling | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Spartina alterniflora | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Soil erosion, sedimentation | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Pollution | Domestic & urban waste water - Sewage | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Pollution | Garbage & solid waste | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spotted-greenshank-tringa-guttifer on 25/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 25/12/2024.