Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| A3bcd | A3bcd+4bcd | A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd; D2 |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd |
| 2016 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2015 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2013 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2012 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2010 | Critically Endangered | A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2009 | Critically Endangered | A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2008 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2007 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2006 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2004 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2000 | Critically Endangered | |
| 1996 | Endangered | |
| 1994 | Endangered | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 2,290,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 1,040,000 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 2-5 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | good | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | suspected | 2015-2030 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-100% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-70% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 13 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 95-99% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population is estimated at 3,500-4,000 individuals, based on a count of 3,750 at Poyang Lake in 2008 (Yu Changhao et al. 2008) and counts of 3,400 at Momoge in May 2011 and at Poyang in early 2012. The western subpopulation numbers only a single individual aside from reintroduced birds.
Trend justification: This species' population is suspected to have decreased rapidly over the last three generations, in line with levels of wetland conversion (for development and agriculture), hunting (especially on passage) and disturbance. Construction of the Three Gorges Dam has changed the hydrological pattern of the lower Yangtze River, resulting in lower water levels in winter. Poyang Lake thus drains more rapidly into the Yangtze during the low water period. In addition, as of 2001, over 9,600 dams had been constructed on the five rivers feeding into Poyang Lake (more are still being constructed). As a result of water diversions and climate fluctuations, floods and droughts are increasingly frequent at Poyang. In response, it is probable that a dam will be constructed at the outlet to Poyang Lake to stabilize winter water levels. Operation of its sluice gates has not been determined, but early proposals called for significantly increased water levels through the winter season, which would make most or all current foraging areas for the cranes inaccessible, perhaps causing extremely rapid declines in the next three generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| India | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jordan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Pakistan | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Korea | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Turkmenistan | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Majority (50-90%) | Very Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Siberian Crane Leucogeranus leucogeranus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/siberian-crane-leucogeranus-leucogeranus on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.