Data Zone
Taxonomic note
The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group is aware that phylogenetic analyses have been published which have proposed generic rearrangements which may affect this species, but prefers to wait until work by other taxonomists reveals how these changes affect the entire groups involved.
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Near Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 184,000,000 km2 | |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 120,000,000 km2 | |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | unknown | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 10.2 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.200,000-220,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 2,300-2,900 pairs, which equates to 4,500-5,800 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). National population estimates include: c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in China; c.100-100,000 breeding pairs and c.50-10,000 individuals on migration in Taiwan and c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in Japan (Brazil 2009).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is uncertain, as some populations are decreasing, while others are increasing or stable (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated to be increasing (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | ||||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bahamas | extant | native | ||||
| Bahrain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Barbados | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belize | extant | native | ||||
| Benin | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brunei | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cambodia | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Cameroon | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Colombia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Comoros | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominica | extant | native | ||||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Egypt | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Fiji | extant | uncertain | ||||
| France | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| French Guiana | extant | uncertain | ||||
| French Southern Territories | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Gambia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ghana | extant | native | ||||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Grenada | extant | native | ||||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guatemala | extant | uncertain | yes | |||
| Guinea | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Guyana | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Haiti | extant | native | ||||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Indonesia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Ireland | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Israel | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | ||||
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liberia | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Libya | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Madagascar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malaysia | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Mauritius | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mayotte (to France) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Mexico | extant | native | ||||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | native | ||||
| Mozambique | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Myanmar | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nauru | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| New Caledonia (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nigeria | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Palau | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Panama | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Philippines | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Portugal | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Réunion (to France) | extant | uncertain | ||||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Seychelles | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sierra Leone | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Singapore | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Solomon Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Somalia | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sri Lanka | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | extant | native | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Lucia | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Martin (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | native | ||||
| Suriname | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Timor-Leste | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Togo | extant | native | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vanuatu | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vietnam | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Yemen | extant | vagrant | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | marginal | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | suitable | passage |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | suitable | passage |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 18 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/roseate-tern-sterna-dougallii on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.