LC
Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2016 Least Concern
2012 Least Concern
2009 Least Concern
2008 Least Concern
2004 Least Concern
2000 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994 Not Recognised
1988 Not Recognised
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency medium
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 47,700,000 km2 medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 55,000,000 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 10000000-99999999 mature individuals poor estimated 2012
Population trend decreasing - estimated -
Generation length 3.4 years - - -

Population justification: The European population is estimated at 1,500,000-4,260,000 pairs, which equates to 3,000,000-8,510,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms approximately 10% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 30,000,000-85,100,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.

Trend justification: This species has undergone a large and statistically significant decrease over the last 40 years in North America (-67.8% decline over 40 years, equating to a -24.7% decline per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). The European population size is estimated to be fluctuating (BirdLife International 2015).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Austria extant vagrant yes
Belarus extant vagrant yes
Belgium extant vagrant yes
Bermuda (to UK) extant native yes
Bulgaria extant vagrant yes
Canada extant native yes
China (mainland) extant native yes
Czechia extant native yes
Denmark extant native yes yes
Estonia extant native yes
Faroe Islands (to Denmark) extant vagrant yes
Finland extant native yes yes
France extant vagrant yes
Germany extant vagrant yes
Greenland (to Denmark) extant vagrant yes
Hungary extant vagrant yes
Ireland extant vagrant yes
Jamaica extant vagrant yes
Japan extant native yes
Kazakhstan extant vagrant yes
Latvia extant native yes
Lithuania extant native yes
Mongolia extant native yes
Montenegro extant vagrant
Netherlands extant vagrant yes
Norway extant native yes
Poland extant vagrant yes
Romania extant vagrant yes
Russia extant native yes yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes
Russia (Central Asian) extant native yes
Russia (European) extant native yes
Serbia extant vagrant
Slovakia extant native yes
Slovenia extant vagrant yes
South Korea extant native yes
Spain extant vagrant yes
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) extant native yes yes
Sweden extant native yes
Switzerland extant vagrant yes
Ukraine extant vagrant yes
United Kingdom extant vagrant yes
USA extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Finland Elimyssalo
Finland Kemihaara (Vuotos) mires and forests
Finland Lemmenjoki-Hammastunturi-Pulju
Finland Litokaira
Finland Luosto
Finland Oulanka-Sukerijärvi
Finland Pallas and Ylläs fjelds
Finland Saariselkä and Koilliskaira
Finland Talaskangas
Finland Värriö-Tuntsa
Russia (Asian) Dal'dzi lake
Russia (Asian) Evoron-Chukchagirskoye depression
Russia (Asian) Forty Islands
Russia (Asian) Muna-Besyuke
Russia (Asian) Schast'ya Gulf
Russia (Asian) Udyl' lake
Russia (Central Asian) Basins of the Schuchya and Khadytayakha rivers
Russia (Central Asian) Bol'shaya Indra lake
Russia (Central Asian) Istochnoye, Sredneye and Schuch'ye lakes
Russia (Central Asian) Molebny Kamen' ridge
Russia (Central Asian) Poyasovy Kamen' ridge
Russia (Central Asian) Zapovednik "Denezhkin Kamen'"
Russia (European) Adovo-Chugrumski wetland
Russia (European) Iremel'ski mountain
Russia (European) Kivach Nature Reserve
Russia (European) Kumikushski wetland
Russia (European) Lapland Biosphere Reserve
Russia (European) Valley of Sysola river
Russia (European) Verkhnevisherski mountain
Russia (European) Yugyd Va

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Boreal major resident
Forest Temperate major resident
Altitude   Occasional altitudinal limits  

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/two-barred-crossbill-loxia-leucoptera on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.