LC
Spot-breasted White-eye Heleia muelleri



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2024 Least Concern
2016 Near Threatened A2c+3c+4c;C2a(i)
2012 Near Threatened A2c+3c+4c;C2a(i)
2008 Near Threatened A2c; A3c; A4c; C2a(i)
2004 Near Threatened
2000 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 38,300 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size unknown - - -
Population trend decreasing poor suspected 2017-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-15% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-15% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 1-15% - - -
Generation length 2.94 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: The population size of this species has not been quantified, but it is described as rare/uncommon and local (Eaton et al. 2021, J. Pilgrim in litt. 2024). Citizen science data (eBird 2023, C. Trainor in litt. 2024) suggest that it continues to be observed regularly where suitable habitat has been surveyed, particularly in Timor-Leste where this is more extensive.

Trend justification: This species appears to favour closed-canopy forest and is precautionarily suspected to be in decline as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Forest cover extent in this species' range reduced by c. 4-5% overall in the ten years to 2022 (Global Forest Watch 2023, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). The species is described as particularly uncommon and its habitat restrictions are not well understood (J. Pilgrim in litt. 2024). Declines are therefore tentatively placed in a wider band of 1-15% in ten years and this is suspected to continue at the same rate in the future.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Indonesia extant native yes
Timor-Leste extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Indonesia Bipolo
Indonesia Buat - Soe
Indonesia Camplong
Indonesia Gunung Mutis
Indonesia Gunung Timau
Indonesia Kateri - Maubesi
Indonesia Oenasi
Timor-Leste Lore
Timor-Leste Monte Diatuto
Timor-Leste Monte Mak Fahik - Sarim
Timor-Leste Mount Paitchau and Lake Iralalaro
Timor-Leste Tilomar

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland major resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane suitable resident
Savanna Dry suitable resident
Altitude 0 - 1300 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Species mortality
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining Mining & quarrying Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spot-breasted White-eye Heleia muelleri. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spot-breasted-white-eye-heleia-muelleri on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.