Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2024 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2014 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | low |
Land-mass type | Average mass | 57 g |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 56,700,000 km2 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 13,600,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 18400000-28000000 mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2018 |
Population trend | stable | - | suspected | - |
Generation length | 2.95 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: In Europe, the total population size is estimated at 7,370,000-11,200,000 mature individuals, with 3,680,000-5,600,000 breeding pairs (BirdLife International 2021), and comprises approximately 40% of the species' global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is between 18,400,000-28,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is desirable. In Europe, the species' population is considered to have remained relatively stable over three generations (10 years) (BirdLife International 2021). Declines may be occurring in some parts of the range owing to loss of suitable prey due to widespread application of pesticides, loss of nesting sites through canalisation of rivers, increasing agricultural efficiency and establishment of monocultures, development of wilderness areas and shooting for sport, for food and because it is considered a crop pest (Fry and Boesman 2014). However, based on the data from Europe, and the proportion of the species' global range that this region holds, the global population size is considered likely to be stable over three generations.
Trend justification: .
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
Algeria | extant | native | ||||
Angola | extant | native | ||||
Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
Austria | extant | native | yes | |||
Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
Bahrain | extant | native | yes | |||
Belarus | extant | native | yes | |||
Belgium | extant | native | yes | |||
Benin | extant | native | ||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
Botswana | extant | native | ||||
Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Burkina Faso | extant | native | ||||
Burundi | extant | native | ||||
Cameroon | extant | native | ||||
Cape Verde | extant | vagrant | ||||
Central African Republic | extant | native | ||||
Chad | extant | native | ||||
China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
Congo | extant | native | ||||
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | ||||
Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | ||||
Croatia | extant | native | yes | |||
Cyprus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Czechia | extant | native | yes | |||
Denmark | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Djibouti | extant | native | ||||
Egypt | extant | native | ||||
Eritrea | extant | native | ||||
Estonia | extant | vagrant | ||||
Eswatini | extant | native | ||||
Ethiopia | extant | native | ||||
Finland | extant | native | yes | |||
France | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Gabon | extant | native | ||||
Gambia | extant | native | ||||
Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
Germany | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Ghana | extant | native | ||||
Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Guinea | extant | native | ||||
Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | ||||
Hungary | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
India | extant | native | yes | |||
Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Iraq | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
Italy | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Jordan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
Kenya | extant | native | ||||
Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | yes | |||
Latvia | extant | native | yes | |||
Lebanon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Lesotho | extant | native | ||||
Liberia | extant | native | ||||
Libya | extant | native | ||||
Liechtenstein | extant | vagrant | ||||
Luxembourg | extant | vagrant | ||||
Madagascar | extant | vagrant | ||||
Malawi | extant | native | ||||
Maldives | extant | vagrant | ||||
Mali | extant | native | ||||
Mauritania | extant | native | ||||
Moldova | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Montenegro | extant | native | yes | |||
Morocco | extant | native | ||||
Mozambique | extant | native | ||||
Namibia | extant | native | ||||
Netherlands | extant | native | yes | |||
Niger | extant | vagrant | ||||
Nigeria | extant | native | ||||
North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Pakistan | extant | native | yes | |||
Palestine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Poland | extant | native | yes | |||
Portugal | extant | native | yes | |||
Qatar | extant | native | yes | |||
Romania | extant | native | yes | |||
Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Rwanda | extant | native | ||||
Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
Senegal | extant | native | ||||
Serbia | extant | native | yes | |||
Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
Sierra Leone | extant | native | ||||
Slovakia | extant | native | yes | |||
Slovenia | extant | native | yes | |||
Somalia | extant | native | ||||
South Africa | extant | native | ||||
South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
Spain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Sri Lanka | extant | native | yes | |||
Sudan | extant | native | ||||
Sweden | extant | native | yes | |||
Switzerland | extant | native | yes | |||
Syria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Tajikistan | extant | native | yes | |||
Tanzania | extant | native | ||||
Togo | extant | native | ||||
Tunisia | extant | native | ||||
Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | |||
Uganda | extant | native | ||||
Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
United Kingdom | extant | native | yes | |||
Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | |||
Western Sahara | extant | native | ||||
Yemen | extant | native | yes | |||
Zambia | extant | native | ||||
Zimbabwe | extant | native |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | breeding |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | breeding |
Forest | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
Savanna | Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | breeding |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
Altitude | 0 - 3000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Food - human | subsistence, national |
Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: European Bee-eater Merops apiaster. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/european-bee-eater-merops-apiaster on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.