• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016	Near Threatened	C1+2a(i)
2012	Near Threatened	C1+2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	518,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	50000-250000 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2023
Population trend	decreasing	medium	suspected	2017-2030
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.5 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	10-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Population density variably estimated at 0.31 individuals/km² in parts of Guangdong and Zhejiang (Zheng Guangmei and Wang Qishan 1998) to 8-10 individuals/km² at 900-1,200 m in Longqishan (Mt. Longqi) at Jiangle in Fujian (He et al. 2007). This variation can partly be explained by altitudinal variation, but also likely differences in habitat and observer effort.

The area of remaining suitable habitat in 2018 was estimated as c.170,000 km² by Savini et al. (2021), who removed from their analysis any forest patch <40 km². A similar analysis using different underlying data found a very similar total suitable habitat area of c.187,000 km² in 2020 (data from Jung et al. [2020], analysed using sRedList [2023]), although this did not apply the removal of smaller habitat patches of Savini et al. (2021). Combining density and habitat data suggests that the population size of this species numbers in the high tens, if not hundreds, of thousands. It is therefore placed in the broad band of 50,000-250,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The main threats to this species are habitat loss and degradation, and more locally trapping. Forest cover loss over the past three generations (14 years: 2009-2023) has been equivalent to c.9-11% (Global Forest Watch 2024, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods therein). In a similar analysis using different methods, Savini et al. (2021) estimated that between 2000 and 2018 this species lost approximately 19.4% of its habitat, equivalent to a rate of c.14-15% over three generations. Additionally, forest blocks have become significantly more isolated in the last two decades, with the number of habitat patches increasing from 116 to 156 between 2000 and 2018, and the average size of these patches nearly halving from 1,830 to 1,097 km² (Savini et al. 2021). Given their relatively low density, fragmentation is considered to have a particularly acute effect on Galliformes and, when compounding hunting impacts are also taken into account, past rates of decline are suspected at 10-29% over the past three generations. Very little (<5%: Savini et al. 2021) of this species' range lies in protected areas, such that future declines are suspected to occur at the same rate without greater conservation interventions.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
China (mainland)	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
China (mainland)	Chebaling Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Daiyun Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Daping Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Dayao Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Gupo Shan
China (mainland)	Guxiu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Huashuichong Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Jiuwan Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Maozi Feng
China (mainland)	Meihua Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nankun Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nanling mountains
China (mainland)	Niumulin Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Sijian Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Wanmulin Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Wuyi Shan Nature Reserve (Fujian)
China (mainland)	Xunle Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yuanbao Shan - Gunbei Laoshan

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	500 - 1700 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	150 - 1900 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Gathering terrestrial plants - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Human intrusions & disturbance	Recreational activities	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Collared Partridge Arborophila gingica. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/collared-partridge-arborophila-gingica on 20/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 20/12/2024.