• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C1
2013	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C1
2012	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C1
2008	Near Threatened	A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d; C1
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	256 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	5,390,000 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1500-7000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2000
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	1998-2008
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	10.2 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to be in the band 2,500-9,999 individuals in total, equating to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1,500-7,000 individuals.

Trend justification: A moderately rapid and on-going population decline is suspected owing to habitat loss, capture for the cage-bird trade and persecution as a crop pest.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Argentina	extant	native	yes
Brazil	extant	native	yes
Paraguay	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Cafundó e Bananal do Norte
Brazil	Complexo Pedra Azul / Forno Grande
Brazil	Cristalino / Serra do Cachimbo
Brazil	Curaçá
Brazil	Encostas da Região de Domingos Martins
Brazil	Mocambinho
Brazil	Ouro Preto / Mariana
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro
Brazil	Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio
Brazil	Parque Estadual do Rio Doce
Brazil	Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães e Adjacências
Brazil	Parque Nacional de Itatiaia
Brazil	Parque Nacional de Monte Pascoal
Brazil	Parque Nacional do Caparaó
Brazil	Raso da Catarina
Brazil	Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro
Brazil	Reserva Biológica da Mata Escura
Brazil	Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural SESC Pantanal e Entorno
Brazil	Sento Sé / Campo Formoso
Brazil	Serra da Bocaina / Paraty / Angra dos Reis
Brazil	Serra do Caraça
Brazil	Serra do Teimoso
Brazil	Serra do Tinguá
Brazil	Serra dos Órgãos
Brazil	Serra Negra (Floresta)
Paraguay	Arroyo Blanco
Paraguay	Cerro Guazú
Paraguay	Estancia Itabó
Paraguay	Ypané Medio

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Savanna	Dry	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-winged-macaw-primolius-maracana on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.