• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2cd

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Vulnerable	A2cd
2016	Vulnerable	A2cd;B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	A2cd;B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	A2c,d; B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	122,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	increasing	poor	inferred	-
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	5.82 years	-	-	-

Population justification: As a consequence of the substantial declines in the past, the population was suspected to number less than 10,000 mature individuals. Given the recent recovery and the frequency of records within the range (per eBird 2023), the population is now likely considerably larger than this, though the historic population was certainly far larger. An accurate quantification of the current population size is required.

Trend justification: The species has suffered catastrophic declines and local extinctions in the past (Keith et al. 2003, Latta et al. 2006). Observational records (per eBird 2023) however suggest that these declines have ceased, and that the species is now expanding and recolonising areas of its former range on Hispaniola. Even though the population trend has not been quantified the suspected rapid declines that the species underwent in the past are considered sufficiently recent with reports of declines ongoing until 2009 at least (see Marzluff 2020) and previously severe to still apply within the past long three-generation period of 17.5 years. Over the past three generations (17.5 years) therefore, declines of 30-49% are suspected to have taken place. It is not clear when exactly declines slowed, but based on the number of observational records (per eBird 2023) this may have occurred only recently, during the past 5-10 years. Based on the observed range expansions the species is inferred to be currently increasing, though the rate is not known. The reasons for the apparent population increase are unclear, but it is suspected that rates of persecution and hunting must have reduced. However, rates of forest cover loss are moderately high within the range of the species (c. 10% over the past three generations) and have accelerated in recent years such that if projected forwards the future rate of loss is equivalent to 15% (Global Forest Watch 2023; using data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). Given that the species is forest dependent, the extent to which the apparent recovery can reverse previous losses is uncertain.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Dominican Republic	extant	native	yes
Haiti	extant	native	yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extinct	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Dominican Republic	Armando Bermudez National Park
Dominican Republic	Cotubanamá
Dominican Republic	Eastern Bahoruco
Dominican Republic	Enriquillo Lake National Park
Dominican Republic	Haitises National Park
Dominican Republic	Jaragua National Park
Dominican Republic	Nalga de Maco-Río Limpio
Dominican Republic	Sierra de Bahoruco National Park
Dominican Republic	Sierra de Neyba
Haiti	Citadelle - Grottes Dondon
Haiti	Trou Caïman

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 2650 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-necked Crow Corvus leucognaphalus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-necked-crow-corvus-leucognaphalus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.