Data Zone
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Brazil, M. 2009. Birds of East Asia: eastern China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, eastern Russia. Christopher Helm, London.
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (eds). 1994. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
eBird. 2020. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, NY, USA Available at: http://www.ebird.org.
Eid, E., and Handal, R. 2018. Illegal hunting in Jordan: using social media to assess impacts on wildlife. Oryx 52: 730-735.
Ferguson-Lees, J. and Christie, D.A. 2001. Raptors of the World. Christopher Helm, London.
IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 09 December 2021).
Karyakin, I. V. 2013. Review of the Modern Population Status of the Steppe Eagle in the World and in Russia. Raptors Conservation 26: 22-43.
Karyakin, I. V., Zinevich L. S., Schepetov D. M., Sorokina S.Y. 2016. Population Structure of the Steppe Eagle Range and Preliminary Data on the Population Genetic Diversity and Status of Subspecies. Raptors Conservation 32: 67-88.
Keijmel, M. 2019. Globally important number of Steppe Eagles discovered in Saudi Arabia. Ornithological Society of the Middle East. The Caucasus and Central Asia. . Available at: https://www.osme.org/2019/11/globally-important-number-of-steppe-eagles-discovered-in-saudi-arabia/. (Accessed: 30th July 2020).
Levin, A. S.; Kurkin, G. A. 2013. The Scope of Death of Eagles on Power Lines in Western Kazakhstan. Raptors Conservation 27(240-244).
Mebs, T. and Schmidt, D. 2006. Die Greifvögel Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens. Kosmos Verlag.
Meyburg, B.U. and Boesman, P. 2013. Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Oaks, J. L.; Gilbert, M.; Virani, M. Z.; Watson, R. T.; Meteyer, C. U.; Rideout, B. A.; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Ahmed, S.; Chaudhry, M.J. I.; Arshad, M.; Mahmood, S.; Ali, A.; Khan, A. A. 2004. Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan. Nature 427(6975): 630-633.
Sharma, A.K., Saini, M., Singh, S.D., Prakash, V., Das, A., Dasan, R.B., Pandey, S., Bohara, D., Galligan, T.H., Green, R.E., Knopp, D. and Cuthbert, R.J. 2014. Diclofenac is toxic to the Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis: widening the diversity of raptors threatened by NSAID misuse in South Asia. Bird Conservation International 24: 282-286.
Shobrak, M., Alasmari, S., Alqthami, A., Alqthami, F., Al-Otaibi, A., Al Zoubi, M., El Moghrabi, L., Jbour, S., Asswad, N. G., Oppel, S., Arkumarev, V. & Nikolov, S. C. 2021. Electric infrastructure poses a significant threat at congregation sites of the globally threatened Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis in Saudi Arabia. Bird Conservation International (in press).
Snow, D.W. and Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Strategy of the Steppe Eagle conservation in the Russian Federation. 2016. Strategy of the Steppe Eagle conservation in the Russian Federation. Moscow.
STRIX. 2012. Developing and testing the methodology for assessing and mapping the sensitivity of migratory birds to wind energy development. BirdLife International, Cambridge.
Subedi, T. 2014. East to west migration of Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis and other raptors in Nepal. Abundance, Timing, and Age Class Determination.
Tucker, G.M. and Heath, M.F. 1994. Birds in Europe: Their Conservation Status. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
Weiss, N., Haviv, E., Alon, D., Perlman, Y., & Schäckermann, J. 2019. How Fast Does the Steppe Eagle Population Decline? Survey Results from Eilat, Israel. Raptors Conservation 38: 59-67.
Yosef, R.; Fornasari, L. 2004. Simultaneous decline in Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) populations and Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes) reproductive success: coincidence or a Chernobyl legacy? Ostrich 75(1&2): 20-24.
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/steppe-eagle-aquila-nipalensis on 25/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 25/11/2024.