Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| A3bcd+4bcd | A2bc+3bcd+4bcd | A2bc+3bcd+4bcd |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2016 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2015 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2013 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2012 | Critically Endangered | A3bcd+4bcd |
| 2010 | Critically Endangered | A3b,c,d; A4b,c,d |
| 2009 | Critically Endangered | A3b,c; ; A4b,c |
| 2008 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2006 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2004 | Critically Endangered | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 1,670,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 6,130,000 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 11200 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2006 |
| Population trend | decreasing | medium | estimated | 1983-2010 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 50-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-100% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-100% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 9 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Surveys in 2006 in Kazakhstan estimated 376 breeding pairs in an area of 145,000 km2. Extrapolating this population density across the breeding range yields a possible total population size of 5,600 breeding pairs, i.e. 11,200 mature individuals, roughly equivalent to 16,000-17,000 individuals in total; but work is continuing in order to refine this estimate. This total is consistent with record counts of 3,200 individuals in Turkey in October 2007 as well as more recent counts on the Uzbekistan/Turkmenistan border where it is estimated that 6,000-8,000 individuals were using the area (Donald et al. 2016). The European population is estimated at 0-10 pairs, which equates to 0-20 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: It has suffered a very rapid decline and range contraction. In northern Kazakhstan, a decline of 40% during 1930-1960, was followed by a further halving of numbers during 1960-1987. However, recent fieldwork in central Kazakhstan (centred on Korgalzhyn), suggests that the population trend is now stable and possibly starting to increase (e.g. the number of nests in a constant survey area around Korgalzhyn increased from 85 in 2005 to 107 in 2006 and 113 in 2007 (Sheldon et al. 2005, M. A. Koshkin, J. Kamp and R. D. Sheldon in litt. 2007); similarly numbers of nests in a constant area of 10,000 km2 around Pavlodar, north-east Kazakhstan were 67 in 1985, 55 in 1991, and 140 in 2007 (J. Kamp in litt. 2007). It is not known if this is a consistent trend across the species's range however, and a global decline of >50% is still precautionarily suspected for the past 27 years (three generations), with an even steeper decline projected for the next three generations owing to potentially severe threats. Further fieldwork may provide data that leads to revision of these estimates. In Europe the population size is estimated to have decreased by 80% or more in 27 years (three generations) and by 25% or more in 9 years (one generation) (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahrain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bulgaria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cameroon | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Central African Republic | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Chad | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extinct | vagrant | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Eritrea | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Hungary | extant | vagrant | ||||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kuwait | extant | vagrant | yes | yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Luxembourg | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Maldives | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mongolia | possibly extinct | vagrant | ||||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nigeria | possibly extinct | uncertain | yes | |||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Pakistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Qatar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Romania | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Slovenia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Somalia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sri Lanka | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Tajikistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ukraine | extinct | vagrant | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Yemen | extant | vagrant | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Desert | Temperate | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 300 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Nomadic grazing | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Natural system modifications | Other ecosystem modifications | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sociable-lapwing-vanellus-gregarius on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.