VU
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- A2bce+3bce+4bce A2bce+3bce+4bce

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2022 Vulnerable A2bce+3bce+4bce
2016 Least Concern
2012 Least Concern
2009 Least Concern
2008 Least Concern
2004 Least Concern
2000 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988 Lower Risk/Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status full migrant Forest dependency does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 820,000 km2
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 52,100,000 km2
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 60000-120000, 73000 mature individuals poor estimated 2020
Population trend decreasing - estimated 2015-2030
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 24-60,45% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 24-60,45% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 24-60,45% - - -
Generation length 4.9 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: Hansen et al. (2022) estimated the population in 2016 to number 120,684 using a breeding range and density estimate, or 85,829 from a spatially extrapolated estimate. The latter value is considered to be most accurate. Using the same underlying data (near-comprehensive count data from Australia, where >90% of the population winters) and trends derived from Clemens et al. (2016, 2019) and Clemens (2017), Clemens et al. (2021) estimate the population in 2020 to have numbered 72,900 mature individuals. Considering these data, the population is here estimated at 60,000-120,000, with a best estimate of 73,000.

Trend justification: Wetlands International (2019) considered the population trend to be unknown, however data exist from the wintering area that suggest a recent rapid decline. In Australia, where >90% of the world population winters (Clemens et al. 2021), data from a long-running (since the 1980s), continent-wide citizen science monitoring effort indicate a recent steep decline after temporal and spatial variability are accounted for (see Clemens 2017). The declines in the number of individuals recorded in Australia are inferred to represent the global rate of reduction in mature individuals. The estimated population of C. acuminata in 2016 in Australia was 85,000 (Hansen et al. 2022). By 2020, the abundance was estimated to be 72,900, based on an extrapolation of the 2016 data using trends derived from Clemens et al. (2016, 2019) and Clemens (2017). Over three generations (14.6 years; Bird et al. 2020), estimated population declines have been: 60% (Clemens et al. 2016), 24% (Clemens 2017), 47% (Clemens et al. 2019; Waterbird meta-analysis) and 52% (Clemens et al. 2019; Generalised Additive Model). The population is therefore estimated to be declining at a rate of 24-60% over three generations, with a best estimate (following Clemens et al. 2021) of 45%. Moreover, juvenile birds staging in Alaska before the onset of the autumn migration are in decline and the species has been included in the Red Alaska Watchlist (Warnock 2017). With continuing invasion of cordgrass on its staging sites (Melville et al. 2016) and climate change increasing the frequency of and severity of droughts (which has been demonstrated to impact the global population [Clemens 2017]), this decline is predicted to continue at approximately the same rate.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Australia extant native yes
Austria extant vagrant
Belgium extant vagrant
Bermuda (to UK) extant vagrant yes
Brunei extant native yes
Bulgaria extant vagrant
Canada extant vagrant
China (mainland) extant native yes yes
Christmas Island (to Australia) extant native yes
Denmark extant vagrant
Ecuador extant vagrant
Fiji extant native yes
Finland extant vagrant
France extant vagrant
Germany extant vagrant
Guam (to USA) extant native yes
Hong Kong (China) extant native yes
India extant vagrant
Indonesia extant native yes yes
Ireland extant vagrant
Japan extant native yes
Kazakhstan extant vagrant
Kiribati extant vagrant
Madagascar extant vagrant
Malaysia extant vagrant
Marshall Islands extant native yes
Micronesia, Federated States of extant native yes
Mongolia extant vagrant
Myanmar extant vagrant
Nauru extant native yes
Netherlands extant vagrant
New Caledonia (to France) extant native yes yes
New Zealand extant native yes
North Korea extant native yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) extant native yes
Norway extant vagrant
Oman extant vagrant yes
Pakistan extant vagrant
Palau extant native yes
Papua New Guinea extant native yes yes
Philippines extant native yes
Portugal extant vagrant
Russia extant native yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes
Russia (Central Asian) extant vagrant
Seychelles extant vagrant
Singapore extant vagrant
Solomon Islands extant native yes yes
South Korea extant native yes
Sri Lanka extant vagrant
St Helena (to UK) extant vagrant
Sweden extant vagrant
Taiwan, China extant native yes
Thailand extant vagrant
Timor-Leste extant native yes yes
Tonga extant native yes
United Kingdom extant vagrant
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) extant native yes
USA extant native yes
Vanuatu extant native yes
Vietnam extant vagrant
Yemen extant vagrant yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Australia Adelaide and Mary River Floodplains
Australia Alligator Rivers Floodplains
Australia Bellarine Wetlands
Australia Broad Sound
Australia Carrum Wetlands
Australia Coongie Lakes
Australia Coorong
Australia Fitzroy Floodplain and Delta
Australia Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps
Australia Gulf Plains
Australia Gulf St Vincent
Australia Hunter Estuary
Australia Lake Argyle
Australia Lake Corangamite Complex
Australia Lake Eyre
Australia Lake Gregory/Paraku
Australia Lake Hawdon System
Australia Lake Machattie Area
Australia Lake McLarty
Australia Lake Yamma Yamma
Australia Lakes Alexandrina and Albert
Australia Lakes Muncoonie, Mumbleberry and Torquinie
Australia Macquarie Marshes
Australia Menindee Lakes
Australia Moreton Bay and Pumicestone Passage
Australia Paroo Floodplain and Currawinya
Australia Peel-Harvey Estuary
Australia Port Hedland Saltworks
Australia Port McArthur Tidal Wetlands System
Australia Tuggerah
Australia Watervalley Wetlands
Australia Werribee and Avalon
China (mainland) Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve
China (mainland) Lianyungang saltworks
Russia (Asian) Kolyma delta

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded suitable non-breeding
Grassland Tundra major breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes major non-breeding
Marine Intertidal Mud Flats and Salt Flats major non-breeding
Marine Intertidal Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) suitable non-breeding
Marine Neritic Estuaries suitable non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) major breeding
Altitude 0 - 800 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather Droughts Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Spartina alterniflora Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem conversion
Pollution Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Pollution Domestic & urban waste water - Run-off Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Pollution Domestic & urban waste water - Sewage Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Pollution Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sharp-tailed-sandpiper-calidris-acuminata on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.