Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 17,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 44,800,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 500000-1000000 mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2023 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | suspected | - |
| Generation length | 3.68 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Based on PRISM surveys, the population in the Canadian Arctic was estimated to number c.600,000 breeding birds (Bart et al. in prep.). In Alaska, USA, similar surveys found 31,000, but large portions of both countries were not surveyed. Bart et al. (in prep.) used a total estimate of 800,000 but conceded that this 'may represent an overestimate if key habitats were not searched uniformly', and in any instance this total represents a considerable increase on the 200,000 estimated by Andres et al. (2012). To account for these uncertainties, the global population size is estimated to be 500,000-1,000,000.
Trend justification: Considering its population trend over three generations (c. 11 years), the data presented in Smith et al. (2023) indicate a decline of c. 14%, although the underlying interannual trend data suggest that numbers at the end of that study period (in 2019) were similar to the medium-term average. There is some evidence of similarly slow declines from the Pacific coast (Migratory Shorebird Project, unpublished data) and from the Breeding Bird Survey (Ziolkowski et al. 2022), although the latter also suggests stability in recent years, while the Christmas Bird Count (Meehan et al. 2022) has recorded a sustained increase. Overall the trend is precautionarily determined to be declining.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bahamas | extant | native | yes | |||
| Barbados | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bolivia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | |||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chile | extant | native | yes | |||
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Dominica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | |||
| El Salvador | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Guiana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Grenada | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guyana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Haiti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | |||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Marshall Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | native | yes | |||
| Paraguay | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Peru | extant | native | yes | |||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Lucia | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Martin (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | native | yes | |||
| Suriname | extant | native | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uruguay | extant | native | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Brazil | Reentrâncias Maranhenses / Paraenses |
| Canada | Cobequid Bay |
| Canada | McIntyre Beach and Rose Spit |
| Canada | Northeast James Bay Coast |
| Canada | Point Lepreau/Maces Bay |
| Canada | Saint's Rest Marsh and Beach |
| Canada | South Shore - East Queens Co. Sector |
| Costa Rica | Nicoya Gulf mangroves and coastal areas |
| French Guiana | Amana |
| French Guiana | Ile de Cayenne |
| French Guiana | Littoral |
| French Guiana | Littoral Kourou |
| French Guiana | Littoral Macouria |
| French Guiana | Littoral Sinnamary |
| French Guiana | Plaine Kaw et Pointe Béhague |
| Mexico | Ensenada de la Paz |
| Mexico | Istmo de Tehuantepec - Mar Muerto |
| Mexico | Marismas Nacionales |
| Panama | Upper Bay of Panamá |
| Suriname | Bigi Pan |
| Suriname | Northern Commewijne/ Marowijne |
| Suriname | Northern Coronie |
| Suriname | Northern Saramacca |
| Trinidad and Tobago | West Coast Mudflats |
| USA | Cumberland Island National Seashore |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Freshwater Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Freshwater Lakes | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Sand Dunes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Sand Dunes | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of ground water (commercial use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/semipalmated-plover-charadrius-semipalmatus on 24/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/11/2024.