• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2016	Near Threatened	C1+2a(ii)
2012	Near Threatened	C1+2a(ii)
2008	Near Threatened	C1; C2a(ii)
2007	Near Threatened
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	480,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	10000-19999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2016
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2016-2028
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.1 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is described as uncommon and not numerous throughout its range (Collar et al. 2020). The population in Colombia is assumed to number just over 10,000 mature individuals (Renjifo et al. 2016), while the population in Venezuela was assessed at 2,500-9,999 mature individuals (Sharpe 2008). The population in Panama has not been quantified, but is likely very small. The global population is therefore here placed in the band 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.
Given its high dispersal abilities, the species is assessed as forming one subpopulation (Renjifo et al. 2016).

Trend justification: The species is declining slowly and is now probably locally extinct in the Central Andes near Bogotá (Collar et al. 2020). The main cause for the decline is the loss of its favoured forest habitat (T. Donegan in litt. 2006; Collar et al. 2020). Throughout the range, tree cover has been lost at a rate of 5% over the past three generations (12.3 years; Bird et al. 2020; Global Forest Watch 2021). The species is further locally hunted for food and traded as a cagebird in low numbers (Sharpe 2008; Renjifo et al. 2016; Collar et al. 2020). The rate of population decline is therefore tentatively placed in the band 1-9% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	presence uncertain	native	yes
Panama	extant	native	yes
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Cañón del Río Alicante
Colombia	Cerro Pintado (Serranía de Perijá)
Colombia	Embalse de San Lorenzo y Jaguas
Colombia	Parque Nacional Natural Ensenada de Utría
Colombia	Reserva Regional Bajo Cauca Nechí
Colombia	Serranía de las Quinchas
Colombia	Serranía de los Yariguíes
Colombia	Serranía de San Lucas
Panama	Darién National Park
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Ciénagas de Juan Manuel
Venezuela	Parque Nacional El Tamá
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Perijá
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Tapo-Caparo
Venezuela	Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Ciénagas de Juan Manuel, Aguas Blancas y Aguas Negras
Venezuela	Zona Protectora San Rafael de Guasare

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1650 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Saffron-headed Parrot Pyrilia pyrilia. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/saffron-headed-parrot-pyrilia-pyrilia on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.