Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Vulnerable | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2018 | Vulnerable | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | high |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | 2,385 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 1,580,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 7000-10000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2016 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 1996-2024 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 9.4 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2-100 | - | - | - |
Population justification: Density estimates in Thailand from 3 different sites have varied between 3.69 birds/km2 (Jornburom et al. 2010) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary to 5.5 birds/km2 in Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sacutaty (Jinamoy et al. 2013) and 8.06 birds/km2 in Thung Yai Naresuan West. Density estimates in Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India were 6.9 birds/km2 in Namdapha Tiger Reserve (Naniwadekar and Datta 2013) and 6.12 birds/km2 in Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary (Shukla et al. 2016). Based on these population estimates, coupled with an the extent of suitable habitat remaining within the occupied range of the species estimates that the global population is 12,000-15,000 individuals (R. Naniwadekar, A. Datta and P. Lo in litt. 2016). This is equivalent to 7,900-9,900 mature individuals, rounded here to 7,000-10,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: Across much of its range, forest has been cleared at a rapid rate. In combination with intense hunting pressure (see Datta 2009, Naniwadekar et al. 2015a, Naniwadekar et al. 2016), these processes are inferred to be driving rapid population declines, placed here in the band of 30-49% decline over three generations (28.2 years; Bird et al. 2020).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bhutan | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Laos | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nepal | extinct | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | resident |
| Altitude | 300 - 2400 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | 150 - 2900 m |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Other household goods | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rufous-necked Hornbill Aceros nipalensis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rufous-necked-hornbill-aceros-nipalensis on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.