• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Justification of Red List category

This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km² and/or Area of Occupancy < 2,000 km² combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Population justification
This species was described as common in the Andean Cordillera Central in Colombia (Cuervo et al. 2008) and fairly common in tall forest in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Lees et al. 2013). It is common in Guyana, Suriname, and throughout the forested interior of French Guiana (Restall et al. 2006, O. Ottema in litt. 2020, O. Claessens and V. Pelletier in litt. 2020). It is also common in the Peruvian Amazon (D. Brooks in litt. 2021, F. Angulo in litt. 2021) and in Costa Rica (C. Sánchez in litt. 2021).

Recorded densities include 2.27 and 3.5 individuals/km² in terra firme forest in central Amazonia (Johnson et al. 2011, Soto 2013) and 3.5 individuals/km² in French Guiana (Thiollay 1994). The population size is suspected to fall within the range 5,000,000 - 49,999,999 mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2020).

Trend justification
Remote sensing data on tree cover loss indicate that approximately 5% of tree cover with at least 30% canopy cover was lost from within the species's range over the past three generations (12 years; Global Forest Watch 2021). Based on the rate of tree cover loss over 2016-2020, it is projected that up to 7% of tree cover may be lost from the species's range over the next three generations.
The species is tolerant of some habitat degradation, so the population may not be declining in line with forest loss. However, it is also subject to hunting. The population size is therefore suspected to have undergone a reduction of 1-10% over the past three generations, and is suspected to undergo a reduction of 1-13% over the next three generations.

Patagioenas subvinacea is a polytypic species of northern South America. The nominate subspecies subvinacea occurs in Costa Rica and Panama. Subspecies berlepschi ranges from south-west Panama along Colombia's Pacific coast to south-west Ecuador, where it is described as uncommon to frequent (del Hoyo et al. 1997, Restall et al. 2006). Subspecies zuliae is found in north-east Colombia and west Venezuela. Subspecies peninsularis is endemic to the Paria Peninsula in north-east Venezuela. Subspecies purpureotincta ranges from south-east Colombia through south Venezuela to Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname (del Hoyo et al. 1997). Subspecies bogotensis is distributed from Colombia's north-west Andes through east Peru to Amazonian Brazil and north-eastern Bolivia (del Hoyo et al. 1997).

Occurs in the canopy of forests, forest edge and secondary growth, and appears to tolerate agricultural land with remnant trees (C. Sánchez in litt. 2021). In Costa Rica and Panama it occurs at medium to high altitudes from 1,000-2,000 m, breeding mainly from 1500 m up to the tree-line (Baptista et al. 2020). In Venezuela it prefers cloud forest (Baptista et al. 2020). In Colombia, it occurs mainly below 1,500 m, but has been recorded up to 2,800 m (Baptista et al. 2020). It occurs in tall forests in Amazonia (Baptista et al. 2020). It is generally resident, but in Costa Rica it is an altitudinal migrant, moving to lower elevations down to 900 m in the non-breeding season. Diet consists of fruit from trees, such as Ficus and Cecropia, and epiphytes (del Hoyo et al. 1997, Hilty 2003). It has been recorded breeding between April and August in Colombia; the nest is a platform of sticks 5 m above the ground (del Hoyo et al. 1997). It tolerates disturbance and fragmentation (Wu et al. 2009, A. Lees in litt. 2011).

The primary threat to this species is accelerating deforestation in the Amazon basin and elsewhere within its range (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011), largely through conversion to crops and pastureland, as well as through the construction of roads, and gold mining (O. Ottema in litt. 2020). Remaining forests are being degraded through logging, although the species is tolerant of disturbed primary forest (A. Lees in litt. 2011). Hunting presents an additional threat (A. Lees in litt. 2011).

Conservation Actions Underway
None is known. It occurs in protected areas across its range.

Conservation Actions Proposed

Continue to monitor habitat loss across its range.
Expand the protected area network to effectively protect IBAs. Effectively resource and manage existing and new protected areas. Enforce legislation against forest loss across the species's range.

27-33 cm. Medium-sized, brown-and-pinkish pigeon. Grey-pink head. Pinkish throat and underparts, with small white patch on throat. Brownish lower belly and vent. Upperparts and wings greenish brown. Darker on wings than back. Brown rump with darker uppertail-coverts. Dark brown tail. Black bill. Similar spp. Plumbeous Pigeon P. plumbea bulks larger, and has a more greyish than ruddy colouration. Voice Call is a high-pitched wuck, ca, coo-woo, with the last syllables well articulated and faster. Hints Generally seen as singles, pairs or groups of up to 15.

Text account compilers
Wheatley, H.

Contributors
Lees, A., Evans, M., Sharpe, C.J., Elliott, N., Symes, A., Pelletier, V., Claessens, O., Ekstrom, J., Khwaja, N., Butchart, S., Ottema, O., Brooks, D., Sanchez, M., Angulo, F., Brusland, S. & Sánchez, C.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/ruddy-pigeon-patagioenas-subvinacea on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.