Data Zone
Bell, M. 2010. Numbers and distribution of New Zealand king shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus) colonies in the Marlborough Sounds, September-December 2006. Notornis 57: 33-36.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Butler, D.J. 2003. Possible impacts of marine farming of mussels (Perna canaliculus) on king shags (Leucocarbo carunculatus). DOC Science Internal Series 111. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
Nelson, A. 1971. King Shags in the Marlborough Sounds. Notornis 18: 30-37.
Nelson, J. B. 2005. Pelicans, cormorants and their relatives. Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Phaethontidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Orta, J., Jutglar, F., Garcia, E. F. J., Kirwan, G. M., Boesman, P. F. D. 2021. New Zealand King Shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Ithaca, NY, USA. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
Quintero, I. and Jetz, W. 2018. Global elevational diversity and diversification of birds. Nature, 555(7695): 246-250.
Rawlence, N.J., Till, C.E., Easton, L.J., Spencer, H.G., Schuckard, R., Melville, D.S., Scofield, R.P., Tennyson, A.J., Rayner, M.J., Waters, J.M., Kennedy, M. 2017. Speciation, range contraction and extinction in the endemic New Zealand King Shag complex. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 115: 197-209.
Robertson, H.A., Baird, K.A., Elliott, G.P., Rodney, A., Hitchmough, N.J., Makan, T.D., Miskelly, C.M., O'Donnell, C.F.J., Sagar, P.M., Scofield, R.P., Taylor, G.A., Michel, P. 2021. Conservation status of birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2021. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Rowe, S. 2010. Level 1 Risk Assessment for Incidental Seabird Mortality Associated with New Zealand Fisheries in the NZ-EEZ. Marine Conservation Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Schuckard, R. 1994. New Zealand King Shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus) on Duffers Reef, Marlborough Sounds. Notornis 41(2): 93-108.
Schuckard, R. 1998. Status of New Zealand King Shag.
Schuckard, R. 2006. Population status of the New Zealand King Shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus. Notornis 53(3): 297-307.
Schuckard, R. 2013 [updated 2022]. New Zealand king shag | kawau pāteketeke. In Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online. Available at: https://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz.
Schuckard, R. 2015. King Shag Managment Plan. The New Zealand King Salmon Company Ltd. Richmond and Waitata Marine Farms.
Schuckard, R., Bell, M., Frost, P., Taylor, G., Greene, T. 2018. A census of nesting pairs of the endemic New Zealand king shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus) in 2016 and 2017. Notornis 65: 59-66.
Schuckard, R.: Melville, D.S.: Taylor, G. 2015. Population and breeding census of the New Zealand King Shag (Leucocarbo carunculatus). Notornis 62(4): 209-218.
Taylor, G. A. 2000. Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Townsend, A.J., de Lange, P.J., Duffy, C.A.J., Miskelly, C.M., Molloy, J. and Norton, D.A. 2008. New Zealand Threat Classification System Manual. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
IUCN SSC Cormorant Specialist Group
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rough-faced Shag Leucocarbo carunculatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rough-faced-shag-leucocarbo-carunculatus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.