Taxonomic note
Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into seven genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). In past, often considered to include L. chalconotus and L. onslowi; these three were sometimes treated as conspecific with P. campbelli complex (campbelli, ranfurlyi and colensoi). Monotypic.
Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2018. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 3. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v3_Nov18.zip.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | D1 |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2023 | Vulnerable | D1 |
2018 | Vulnerable | D1+2 |
2016 | Vulnerable | D1+2 |
2012 | Vulnerable | D1+2 |
2010 | Vulnerable | D1; D2 |
2008 | Vulnerable | D1; D2 |
2005 | Vulnerable | |
2004 | Vulnerable | |
2000 | Vulnerable | |
1996 | Vulnerable | |
1994 | Vulnerable | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 960 km2 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 1,800 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 56 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 250-999 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2020 |
Population trend | stable | good | estimated | - |
Generation length | 9.26 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Surveys between 1992 and 2002 indicate a population of c.645 birds, including 102-126 breeding pairs (Schuckard 2006). Aerial surveys in 2015 recorded 839 birds in February 2015 and 187 breeding pairs in June 2015 (Schuckard et al. 2015). Improvements of survey methods are the predominant reason to explain perceived differences in numbers with earlier surveys. Robertson et al. (2021), assessing the species according to criteria elucidated in Townsend et al. (2008), placed its population in the band 250-1,000 mature individuals. In 2020, the population was estimated to number c.300 breeding pairs (Robertson et al. 2021). Hence, a population of 250-999 mature individuals is assigned here. This equates to 375-1,499 individuals in total, rounded here to 350-1,500 individuals.
Trend justification: The population trend is believed to have been stable over the last 50 years (Schuckard 1994, 1998, 2002; Robertson et al. 2021).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Zealand | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
New Zealand | Duffer's Reef |
New Zealand | Marlborough Sounds |
New Zealand | Rahuinui Island |
New Zealand | Sentinel Rock |
New Zealand | Tawhitinui Bay |
New Zealand | Tekuru Kuru |
New Zealand | Trio Islands |
New Zealand | White Rocks |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | resident |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | resident |
Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 50 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Food - human | subsistence, national |
Handicrafts, jewellery, etc. | international |
Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rough-faced Shag Leucocarbo carunculatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rough-faced-shag-leucocarbo-carunculatus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.