Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) | B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D1+2 |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2023 | Endangered | B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) |
2016 | Endangered | B1ab(iii,v) |
2013 | Endangered | B1ab(v) |
2012 | Endangered | B1ab(v) |
2008 | Endangered | B1a+b(v) |
2004 | Endangered | |
2000 | Endangered | |
1996 | Endangered | |
1994 | Endangered | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 3,100 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 68 km2 | |
Number of locations | 2 | - |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 800 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2016 |
Population trend | stable | poor | suspected | - |
Generation length | 3.77 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 2 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: This species is restricted to Rimatara, its last remaining native island, and Atiu, where it was reintroduced in 2007. The first breeding on Atiu was reported in 2008, with more than 92 birds in 2011 (R. Malcolm in litt. 2010, 2012). The latest population estimate is 835 individuals on Rimatara (Blanvillain et al. 2015a), and with a daily average of 0.35 birds/ha detected within 50 m of eight road-transects, the population on Atiu was estimated to number 385 individuals in 2016 (Lieberman et al. 2018). The total population is therefore estimated to number 1,220 individuals, and assuming two thirds are mature, is roughly equivalent to 800 mature individuals.
Some birds have reached Mitiaro from Atiu, though the presence of Black Rats on this island is believed to have prevented the species from establishing there (McCormack 2017). Introduced populations of >1,000 on Teraina, 50 on Tabuaeran and small numbers on Kiritimati (Thibault and Cibois 2017) are not included in the assessment since the introductions occurred outside the taxon's natural range and the intent was not to reduce extinction risk. As such, they do not meet the required conditions to be included in the categorisation process sensu IUCN guidelines.
Trend justification: On Rimatara, the population was estimated at >905 birds in 1992 (McCormack and Künzle 1996), c.750 in 2000 (G. McCormack in litt. 2001), 650 in 2002 (Raust and Sanford 2002), 610 in 2004, 1,079 in 2009 (Albar et al. 2009) and 835 in 2015 (Blanvillain et al. 2015a). Differences in timing, methodology and potential double-counting of individuals may have contributed to the increase in 2009, though using the same methodology as Albar et al. (2009), the 2015 estimate is indicative of a population decline (Blanvillain et al. 2015a, C. Blanvillain in litt. 2016). In April 2007, twenty-seven birds were re-introduced to Atiu in the Cook Islands from Rimatara. The introduction was successful, with the population estimated at c.40 birds in 2009, 90 ± 19 birds in 2010 and more than 92 birds in 2011 (R. Malcolm in litt. 2010, 2012). The population is now estimated at 385 individuals (Lieberman et al. 2018) and likely still increasing. There has been no more recent population estimate on Rimatara although recent records do not suggest the species is declining substantially (eBird 2023), and with the increasing population on Atiu, the overall trend is tentatively suspected to be stable.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cook Islands | extant | reintroduced | yes | |||
French Polynesia | extant | native | yes | |||
Kiribati | extant | introduced | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Cook Islands | Atiu |
Cook Islands | Miti'aro Island |
French Polynesia | Rimatara |
Kiribati | Tabuaeran (Fanning Island) |
Kiribati | Teraina (Washington Island) |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | major | resident |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 80 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Acridotheres tristis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Past Impact | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus exulans | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus norvegicus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Phaethon lepturus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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Residential & commercial development | Tourism & recreation areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Handicrafts, jewellery, etc. | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rimatara Lorikeet Vini kuhlii. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rimatara-lorikeet-vini-kuhlii on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.