• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Least Concern
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	20,800,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	116,000,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	9000000-12000000 mature individuals	good	estimated	2024
Population trend	unknown	-	suspected	-
Generation length	3.37 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: It has a very large estimated population size, with almost 7,000,000 mature individuals in Arctic Canada alone (Smith et al. in prep.), and a broadly estimated Russian population of c.10,000-1 million breeding pairs (Brazil 2009), but probably towards the higher end of this. The European population is estimated at 570-1,700 males, which equates to 1,100-3,400 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). The population in Alaska likely numbers more than 1,000,000 mature individuals based on the area of suitable habitat, densities reported, and the numbers in Arctic Canada. Accordingly, the global population size is estimated at 9,000,000-12,000,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: Considering its population trend over three generations (c. 10 years), there are no representative data for either of the two flyway populations, which breed in Canada/Greenland and Alaska/Siberia, respectively (Wetlands International 2023). This species is poorly covered by population monitoring schemes, reflecting the challenges of surveying it, both on its Arctic breeding grounds and on its entirely pelagic non-breeding grounds and passage routes. While noting that there are data from repeated Arctic surveys that show negative changes at a number of sites, Partners in Flight (2023) concludes that the overall trend is uncertain. Consequently, the species' trend is currently best described as unknown.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Angola	extant	native
Anguilla (to UK)	extant	uncertain
Antarctica	extant	vagrant
Antigua and Barbuda	extant	vagrant
Argentina	extant	native
Australia	extant	vagrant
Austria	extant	native				yes
Bahamas	extant	uncertain
Barbados	extant	vagrant
Belgium	extant	native
Bermuda (to UK)	extant	native
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	vagrant
Botswana	extant	vagrant
Brazil	extant	vagrant			yes
Bulgaria	extant	vagrant
Cameroon	extant	vagrant
Canada	extant	native		yes		yes
Cape Verde	extant	native
Chile	extant	native
China (mainland)	extant	native
Colombia	extant	native
Costa Rica	extant	native			yes
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	native
Croatia	extant	vagrant
Cuba	extant	native
Cyprus	extant	vagrant
Czechia	extant	native
Denmark	extant	native				yes
Dominica	extant	uncertain
Dominican Republic	extant	uncertain
Ecuador	extant	native
Egypt	extant	native
El Salvador	extant	native
Equatorial Guinea	extant	uncertain
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	vagrant
France	extant	native			yes	yes
Gambia	extant	vagrant
Germany	extant	native			yes	yes
Ghana	extant	vagrant
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	vagrant
Greece	extant	vagrant
Greenland (to Denmark)	extant	native		yes
Guadeloupe (to France)	extant	uncertain
Guatemala	extant	native
Guinea	extant	vagrant
Guinea-Bissau	extant	native
Honduras	extant	native
Hong Kong (China)	extant	vagrant
Hungary	extant	vagrant
Iceland	extant	native		yes
India	extant	native
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native				yes
Iraq	extant	vagrant				yes
Ireland	extant	native
Israel	extant	native			yes	yes
Italy	extant	native
Japan	extant	native
Kazakhstan	extant	vagrant
Kenya	extant	vagrant
Kiribati	extant	vagrant
Kuwait	extant	vagrant				yes
Liberia	extant	vagrant
Libya	extant	vagrant
Luxembourg	extant	vagrant
Malaysia	extant	native
Malta	extant	vagrant
Martinique (to France)	extant	uncertain
Mauritania	extant	native
Mexico	extant	native
Montenegro	extant	vagrant
Morocco	extant	native
Mozambique	extant	native
Namibia	extant	native
Netherlands	extant	native			yes
New Zealand	extant	vagrant
Nicaragua	extant	uncertain
Nigeria	extant	vagrant
Norway	extant	vagrant
Oman	extant	vagrant			yes	yes
Panama	extant	uncertain
Paraguay	extant	native
Peru	extant	native
Philippines	extant	native
Poland	extant	vagrant
Portugal	extant	native			yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extant	uncertain
Romania	extant	vagrant
Russia	extant	native		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
São Tomé e Príncipe	extant	uncertain
Saudi Arabia	extant	vagrant				yes
Senegal	extant	vagrant
Serbia	extant	vagrant
Sierra Leone	extant	vagrant
Slovakia	extant	vagrant
Slovenia	extant	vagrant
South Africa	extant	native
South Korea	extant	vagrant
Spain	extant	native			yes
Sri Lanka	extant	vagrant			yes
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	extant	native				yes
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	extant	native		yes
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Switzerland	extant	native
Taiwan, China	extant	native
Tajikistan	extant	vagrant
Togo	extant	vagrant
Tunisia	extant	vagrant
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	extant	uncertain
Ukraine	extant	vagrant
United Arab Emirates	extant	vagrant			yes
United Kingdom	extant	native				yes
USA	extant	native		yes
Virgin Islands (to UK)	extant	uncertain
Virgin Islands (to USA)	extant	vagrant
Western Sahara	extant	uncertain
Zimbabwe	extant	vagrant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Canada	Foxe Basin Islands
Canada	Rasmussen Lowlands
Greenland (to Denmark)	Hochstetter Forland
Greenland (to Denmark)	South coast of Germania Land, and Slaedelandet
Greenland (to Denmark)	Western part of Germania land
Mauritania	Canary current shelf-break (south)
Morocco	Canary current shelf-break (north)
Russia (Asian)	Kolyma delta
Russia (Asian)	Lower Anadyr lowlands
Russia (Asian)	Lower Nizhnyaya Taymyra river
Russia (Asian)	Perevolochny bay
Russia (Asian)	Preobrazheniya island
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	Adventdalen & Adventfjorden
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	Bjørnøya (Bear Island)
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	Forlandet National Park
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	Inner parts of Kongsfjorden
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	Nordenskiöldkysten
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	Sassen-Bünsow Land
USA	Barrow Canyon & Smith Bay
USA	Bering Sea Shelf Edge 178W61N
USA	Teshekpuk Lake-E. Dease Inlet
USA	Unimak & Akutan Passes

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Marine Intertidal	Rocky Shoreline	suitable	breeding
Marine Intertidal	Tidepools	suitable	breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	major	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Epipelagic (0-200m)	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Oceanic	Mesopelagic (200-1000m)	suitable	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	major	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt)	major	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species disturbance
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Renewable energy	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes lagopus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Pollution	Garbage & solid waste	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance
Transportation & service corridors	Shipping lanes	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-phalarope-phalaropus-fulicarius on 24/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/11/2024.