• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. novaezelandiae, C. cookii (following Christidis and Boles 1994 and Turbott 1990), and C. saisseti (following Boon et al. 2001), and before then C. saisseti was lumped with C. novaezelandiae, with C. cookii treated as a separate species, following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2017	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii,v)
2014	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii,v)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	5,540,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	16500-35300 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2011
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Generation length	4.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Based on population estimates gathered by BirdLife International for the nominate form (Higgins 1999), cookii (Garnett et al. 2011) and saisseti (V. Chartendrault and N. Barré in litt. 2007), the global population is thought to number c.16,500-35,300 mature individuals, which is assumed to equate to c.24,700-53,000 individuals in total.

Trend justification: This species is suspected to be in decline overall, although the nominate form, which is the most populous, is thought to be undergoing a minimal decline (G. Harper in litt. 2005, 2012; Harper 2009), thus the overall rate of decrease is probably slow.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Australia	extinct	native	yes
New Caledonia (to France)	extant	native	yes
New Zealand	extant	native	yes
Norfolk Island (to Australia)	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
New Caledonia (to France)	Aoupinié
New Caledonia (to France)	Dent de Saint-Vincent
New Caledonia (to France)	Entre les monts Nakada et Do
New Caledonia (to France)	Entre les monts Rembaï et Canala
New Caledonia (to France)	Entre Table Unio et Farino
New Caledonia (to France)	Forêt Plate
New Caledonia (to France)	Grand Koum
New Caledonia (to France)	Hautes vallées des rivières Néaoua, Koua et Kouaoua
New Caledonia (to France)	Massif des Lèvres
New Caledonia (to France)	Massif du Mé Kanin, Sphinx et Arago
New Caledonia (to France)	Massif du Panié
New Caledonia (to France)	Massifs du Grand Sud - entre le mont Humboldt et la rivière Bleue
New Caledonia (to France)	Mé Maoya
New Caledonia (to France)	Pic Ningua
New Zealand	Disappointment Island
New Zealand	Main Auckland Island
New Zealand	Taranga Hen Island
Norfolk Island (to Australia)	Norfolk Island

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Temperate	major	resident
Grassland	Subantarctic	major	resident
Shrubland	Temperate	major	resident
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Acridotheres tristis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Apis mellifera	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mustela erminea	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Platycercus elegans	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Platycercus eximius	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus exulans	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sturnus vulgaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Trichosurus vulpecula	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Competition
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Viral/prion-induced diseases - Beak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Red-fronted Parakeet Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-fronted-parakeet-cyanoramphus-novaezelandiae on 28/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 28/12/2024.