• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

AOU. 1998. Check-list of North American birds. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.

Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

Bond, J. 1956. Check-list of birds of the West Indies. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

Castro-Prieto, J., Wunderle, J. M. Jr., Salguero-Faría, J. A., Soto-Bayó, S., Crespo-Zapata, J. D., and Gould, W. A. 2021. The Puerto Rico Breeding Bird Atlas. USDA General Technical Report IITF-53.

del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Christie, D. 2011. Handbook of the birds of the world vol. 16: Tanagers to New World Blackbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

eBird. 2022. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, New York. eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: http://www.ebird.org.

Faaborg, J. and Wiewel, A. 2022. Puerto Rican Bullfinch (Melopyrrha portoricensis), version 2.0. Ithaca, NY, USA. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.purbul1.02.

Garrido, O.H. and Wiley, J.W. 2003. The taxonomic status of the Puerto Rican Bullfinch (Loxigilla portoricensis) (Emberizidae) in Puerto Rico and St. Kitts. Ornitologia Neotropical 14: 91-98.

Global Forest Watch. 2022. Interactive Forest Change Mapping Tool. Available at: http://www.globalforestwatch.org/.

Hansen, M.C., Potapov, P.V., Moore, R., Hancher, M., Turubanova, S.A., Tyukavina, A., Thau, D., Stehman, S.V., Goetz, S.J., Loveland, T.R., Kommareddy, A., Egorov, A., Chini, L., Justice, C.O. and Townshend, J.R.G. 2013. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342: 850-853.

Irizarry, A. D.; Collazo, J. A.; Vandermeer, J.; Perfecto, I. 2021. Coffee plantations, hurricanes and avian resiliency: Insights from occupancy, and local colonization and extinction rates in Puerto Rico. Global Ecology and Conservation 27: e01579.

IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 08 December 2022).

Knutson, T. R.; McBride, J. L.; Chan, J.; Emanuel, K.; Holland, G.; Landsea, C.; Held, I.; Kossin, J. P.; Srivastava, A. K.; Sugi, M. 2010. Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nature Geoscience 3: 157-163.

Lloyd, J. D.; Rimmer, C. C.; Salguero-Faría, J. A. 2019. Short-term effects of hurricanes Maria and Irma on forest birds of Puerto Rico. PLoS ONE 14: e0214432.

Nytch, C. J., Hunter, W. C., Núñez-García, F., Fury, C., and Quiñones, M. 2015. Avian Conservation Planning Priorities for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (BCR 69). Available at: https://acjv.org/documents/PRUSVI_plan.pdf. .

Sibley, C.G. and Monroe, B.L. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Sibley, C.G. and Monroe, B.L. 1993. A supplement to 'Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World'. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Stotz, D.F., Fitzpatrick, J.W., Parker, T.A. and Moskovits, D.K. 1996. Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Walsh, K. J. E.; McBride, J. L.; Klotzbach, P. J.; Balachandran, S.; Camargo, S. J.; Holland, G.; Knutson, T. R.; Kossin, J. P.; Lee, T.; Sobel, A.; Sugi, M. 2016. Tropical cyclones and climate change. Wires Climate Change 7(1): 65-89.

Wunderle Jr., J. M. 2017. Effects of hurricanes Irma and Maria on birds in the Fajardo Christmas Bird Count in northeastern Puerto Rico: A preliminary assessment. Acta Científica 31(1-3): 18-33.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2025) Species factsheet: Puerto Rican Bullfinch Melopyrrha portoricensis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/puerto-rican-bullfinch-melopyrrha-portoricensis on 01/01/2025.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2025) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 01/01/2025.