• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis as L. plumbeus.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2016	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c
2014	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c
2012	Near Threatened	C1+2a(i)
2008	Near Threatened	C1; C2a(i)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	517,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	10000-19999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2014
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2007-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	5.8 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size has not been quantified directly. In Colombia, the population is estimated at just over 10,000 mature individuals, forming one subpopulation (Renjifo et al. 2014). The global population is therefore preliminarily placed in the band 10,000-19,999 mature individuals. The species is described as 'uncommon' (Stotz et al. 1996).

Trend justification: The species is threatened by the loss of forests for agricultural expansion, timber extraction and mining (M. Sanchez in litt. 2013). Over the past three generations (17.4 years), 4% of forest has been lost within the range (Global Forest Watch 2020). While the species’s tolerance of degraded habitats indicates that the population may not be severely impacted by habitat loss, its preference of forest interiors for hunting of prey suggests otherwise. Precautionarily, it is suspected that the rate of population decline is faster than the rate of forest loss, amounting to up to 10% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes
Panama	extant	native	yes
Peru	possibly extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Parque Nacional Natural Ensenada de Utría
Colombia	Serranía de San Lucas
Ecuador	Cayapas-Santiago-Wimbí
Ecuador	Corredor Awacachi
Ecuador	Mache Chindul Ecological Reserve and surrouding areas (Reserva Ecológica Mache-Chindul IBA)
Ecuador	Maquipucuna-Río Guayllabamba
Ecuador	Mataje-Cayapas-Santiago
Ecuador	Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas
Ecuador	Tonchigüe-Mompiche
Ecuador	Verde-Ónzole-Cayapas-Canandé
Panama	Chagres National Park
Panama	Darién National Park
Panama	Golfo de los Mosquitos Forests
Panama	Narganá Wildlands Area

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Plumbeous Hawk Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/plumbeous-hawk-cryptoleucopteryx-plumbea on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.