• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Least Concern
2016	Vulnerable	A2bce+3ce+4ce
2012	Vulnerable	A2ce+3ce+4ce
2008	Near Threatened	A2b,c,e; C2a(i)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type	Australia	Average mass	194 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	375,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	81800-145400, 116500 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	1998-2008
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.7 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	3-4	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification:

Applying known density estimates and broad estimations of the area of occupancy, the population of G. s. smithii was estimated at 108,000 [81,000-136,000] (Davies et al. 2021) while G. s. blaauwi was estimated at 8,500 [800-9,400] (Swann et al. 2021), giving a total population estimate of 116,500 mature individuals for the species. 

Trend justification:

In plots across Kakadu, which covers approximately half the range of G. s. smithii, the average density fell from c.3.0 birds/km² in 2001–2004 to 0.63 birds/km² in 2007–2009 (Woinarski et al. 2012). Losses are also likely to have occurred on the fringes of Darwin as development has intensified. However, the mainland range has been stable and given the isolation, size and stability of the Tiwi Islands population, overall declines of G. s. smithii are considered unlikely to have met or approached 30% in the last three generations (Davies et al. 2021).
Data on the trend of G. s. blaauwi are principally anecdotal, with flock sizes at known locations appearing to get smaller. Around Kimbolton for example, where the population appears to be stable but localised within a broader survey area, maximum flock size each year from 2017–2020 was 33, 10, 16 and 18, respectively (M. Bruton/AWC unpublished, in Swann et al. 2021). However, a decline approaching 30% in three generations is unlikely and the subpopulation comprises approximately only 7% of the total number of mature individuals and is therefore unlikely to substantially affect the global trend.
Overall, the trend of the global population is therefore inferred to be declining, suspected here at a broadly continuing rate of 5-19% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Australia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Australia	Gregory National Park
Australia	Kakadu Savanna
Australia	Prince Regent and Mitchell River
Australia	Tiwi Islands

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	10 - 250 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Other impacts	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Andropogon gayanus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Bos taurus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Partridge Pigeon Geophaps smithii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/partridge-pigeon-geophaps-smithii on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.