VU
Pale-capped Pigeon Columba punicea



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - C2a(i)

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2020 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2016 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2012 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2008 Vulnerable C2a(i)
2004 Vulnerable
2000 Vulnerable
1996 Vulnerable
1994 Vulnerable
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency medium
Land-mass type continent
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 3,080,000 km2 medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 1,530,000 km2 medium
Number of locations 11-100 -
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 2500-9999 mature individuals poor estimated 2000
Population trend decreasing poor inferred 2010-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Generation length 4.6 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2-100 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: The population is estimated to number fewer than 10,000 individuals by BirdLife International (2001), based on available records and surveys. It is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals, equating to 3,750-14,999 individuals, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals.

Trend justification: Although this species's population trends are poorly known, it is suspected to be declining at a moderate rate, owing to the on-going conversion of habitat and hunting pressure.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Bangladesh extant native yes
Cambodia extant native yes
China (mainland) possibly extinct native yes
India extant native yes
Laos extant native yes
Malaysia extant vagrant yes
Myanmar extant native yes
Sri Lanka extant vagrant yes
Thailand extant native yes
Vietnam extant native yes yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Bangladesh Lawachara / West Bhanugach Reserved Forest
China (mainland) Diaoluoshan
China (mainland) Jianfengling
China (mainland) Yinggeling
India Chandaka - Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary
India Dibru - Saikhowa Complex
India Dichu Reserve Forest
India East and North Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuaries
India Innerline (West) and Katakhal Reserve Forests
India Kaziranga National Park
India Lava - Neora Valley National Park
India Magu Thingbu
India Manabum and Tengapani Reserve Forests
India Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary
India Mount Zanibu
India Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary
India Nameri National Park
India Namsangmukh - Borduria
India Papikonda National Park
India Simlipal National Park
India Upper Dihing (East) Complex
India Upper Dihing (West) Complex
Thailand Hat Nopharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi
Thailand Khao Yai
Thailand Ko Phra Thong
Thailand Mae Wong
Thailand Mu Ko Similan
Thailand Thung Kha
Vietnam A Yun Pa
Vietnam Bi Dup
Vietnam Dak Dam
Vietnam Ea So
Vietnam Phuoc Binh
Vietnam Tuyen Lam

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial Arable Land suitable non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial Plantations suitable non-breeding
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level suitable non-breeding
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland major resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane major resident
Shrubland Subtropical/Tropical Moist suitable resident
Altitude 0 - 1600 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Species mortality
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Pale-capped Pigeon Columba punicea. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pale-capped-pigeon-columba-punicea on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.