Data Zone
Justification of Red List category
The population is inferred to be declining at a slow to moderately rapid rate due to trapping for the cage-bird trade throughout its range, based on the numbers observed in market surveys and a reduction in the numbers of individuals observed in the wild. For this reason the species is considered Near Threatened.
Population justification
The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as locally common (Fishpool et al. 2020). Weeklong ornithological surveys across 27 sites on nine mountains in West-Central Java between 2018 and 2020 found the species at 20 sites and 9 mountains with a mean encounter rate of 0.41 groups/hour (range = 0.20 to 1.08 where present; C. Devenish, A.R. Junaid and S. Marsden in litt. 2020). In Sumatra however, the species has become far scarcer recently in areas experiencing high trapping pressure, and an expert review of the status of the species on Sumatra concluded that it was 'declining', but not 'Severely Declining'. Previously for example, over 1,000 individuals were observed in Sumatran bird markets during 1997-2001 (Fishpool et al. 2020). Scarcity is now likely similar across Java and Bali, in which during the ‘Big Month’ citizen science event (conducted in January 2020 comprising 22,054 checklists), the species was recorded in just 8 (0.10%) of the 7,935 mainly lowland tetrads (2 × 2 km squares) visited (T. Squires and S. Marsden in litt. 2020).
Trend justification
The population is inferred to be declining at a slow to moderately rapid rate due to trapping for the cage bird trade throughout the range of the species, based on the numbers observed in market surveys (Chng et al. 2015; Harris et al. 2015; S. Chng in litt. 2016).
Occurs in mountainous areas from central west Sumatra, west and central Java, and Bali, Indonesia.
Occurs in clearings in forested habitat above 800 m altitude, and is found in primary, tall secondary growth, scrub and elfin forest (Fishpool et al. 2020). The species is considered to tolerate highly degraded habitats (Fishpool et al. 2020).
Trapping for the cage bird trade throughout the range of the species is the main threat.
Conservation Actions Underway
The species occurs in numerous protected areas including survival of large populations across Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park (Java), Kerinci-Seblat National Park and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (Sumatra; Fishpool et al. 2020).
Conservation Actions Proposed
Targeted conservation research is currently unknown, although better management of the species's harvest and trade use have been proposed.
Text account compilers
Martin, R., Fernando, E.
Contributors
Butchart, S., Chng, S., Devenish, C., Eaton, J., Ekstrom, J., Junaid, A.R., Marsden, S., Squires, T., Sulfani Udin, J. & Westrip, J.R.S.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Orange-spotted Bulbul Pycnonotus bimaculatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/orange-spotted-bulbul-pycnonotus-bimaculatus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.