Data Zone
Araya, B. and F. S. Todd. 1987. Status of the Humboldt penguin in Chile following the 1982–83 El Niño. Proceedings of the Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium, Los Angeles : 148–57.
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Boersma, P.D. 1998. Population trends of the Galápagos Penguin: impacts of El Niño and La Niña. Condor 100: 245-253.
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Coker, R.E. 1920. Peru's Wealth-producing Birds: Vast Riches in the Guano Deposits of Cormorants, Pelicans, and Petrels which Nest on Her Barren, Rainless Coast. Judd & Detweiler, Washington.
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Culik, B. M.; Luna-Jorquera, G. 1997. Satellite tracking of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in northern Chile. Marine Biology 128: 547-556.
Culik, B. M.; Luna-Jorquera, G. 1997. The Humboldt Penguin: a migratory bird? . Journal of Ornithology 138: 325–330.
Culik, B. M.; Luna-Jorquera, G.; Oyarzo, H.; Correa, H. 1998. Humboldt penguins monitored via VHF telemetry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162: 279-286.
Culik, B., J. Hennicke, and T. Martin. 2000. Humboldt penguins outmanoeuvring El Niño. Journal of Experimental Biology 203: 2311–22.
De la Puente, S.; Bussalleu, A.; Cardeña, M.; Valdés-Velásquez, A.; Majluf, P.; Simeone, A. 2013. Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti). In Penguins. Natural History and Conservation (Garcia Borboroglu, P. and Boersma, P. D., eds.) University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, USA: 265-283.
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Ellenberg, U.; Mattern, T.; Seddon, P. J.; Jorquera, G. L. 2006. Physiological and reproductive consequences of human disturbance in Humboldt Penguins: the need for species-specific visitor management. Biological Conservation 133(1): 95-106.
Hays, C. 1986. Effects of the 1982-83 El Niño on Humboldt Penguin colonies in Peru. Biological Conservation 36: 169-180.
Herling, C; Culik, B. M.; Hennicke, J. C. 2005. Diet of the Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in northern and southern Chile. Marine Biology 147: 13-25.
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Majluf, P., E. A. Babcock, J. C. Riveros, M. Arias-Schreiber, and W. Alderete. 2002. Catch and by-catch of sea birds and marine mammals in the small-scale fishery of Punta San Juan, Peru. Conservation Biology 16: 1333–43.
Mattern, T.; Ellenberg, R.; Luna-Jorquera, G.; Davis, L.S. 2004. Humboldt Penguin census on Isla Chañaral, Chile: Recent increase or past underestimate of penguin numbers? . Waterbirds 27: 368–376.
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Paredes, R.; Zavalaga, C. B. 1998. Overview of the effects of El Niño 1997–98 on Humboldt penguins and other seabirds at Punta San Juan, Perú. Penguin Conservation 11: 5–7.
Paredes, R.; Zavalaga, C. B. 2001. Nesting sites and nest types as important factors for the conservation of Humboldt Penguins (Sphensicus humboldti). Biological Conservation 100: 199-205.
Paredes, R.; Zavalaga, C. B.; Battistini, G.; Majluf, P.; McGill, P. 2003. Status of the Humboldt Penguin in Peru, 1999-2000. Waterbirds 26: 129-138.
Paredes, R.; Zavalaga, C. B.; Boness, D. J. 2002. Patterns of egg laying and breeding success in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) at Punta San Juan, Peru. Auk 119: 244-250.
Pütz, K.; Raya Rey, A.; Hiriart-Bertrand, L.; Simeone, A.; Reyes-Arriagada, R.; Lüthi, B. 2016. Post-moult movements of sympatrically breeding Humboldt and Magellanic penguins in south-central Chile. Global Ecology and Conservation 7: 49-58.
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Sallaberry-Pincheira, N., Gonzalez-Acuna, D., Herrera-Tello, Y., Dantas, G. P., Luna-Jorquera, G., Frere, E., and Vianna, J. A. 2015. Molecular epidemiology of avian malaria in wild breeding colonies of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins in South America. EcoHealth 12: 267-277.
Simeone, A., B. Araya, M. Bernal, E. N. Diebold, K. Grzybowski, M. Michaels, J. A. Tare, R. C. Wallace, and M. J. Willis. 2002. Oceanographic and climatic factors influencing breeding and colony attendance patterns of Humboldt penguins Spheniscus humboldti. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227: 43–50.
Simeone, A., M. Bernal, and J. Meza. 1999. Incidental mortality of Humboldt penguins Spheniscus humboldti in gill nets, central Chile. Marine Ornithology 27: 157–61.
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Simeone, A.; Luna-Jorquera, G. 2012. Estimating rat predation on Humboldt Penguin colonies in north-central Chile. Journal of Ornithology 153: 1079-1085.
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Smith, K. M., Karesh, W. B., Majluf, P., Paredes, R., Zavalaga, C., Hoogesteijn Reul, A., and Cook, R. A. 2008. Health evaluation of free-ranging Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in Peru. Avian diseases 52: 130-135.
Taylor, SS ; Leonard, ML ; Boness, DJ ; Majluf, P. 2002. Foraging by Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) during the chick-rearing period: general patterns, sex differences, and recommendations to reduce incidental catches in fishing nets . Canadian Journal Of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 80(4): 700-707.
Valkiūnas, G., Palinauskas, V., Ilgūnas, M., Bukauskaitė, D., Dimitrov, D., Bernotienė, R., Zehtindjiev, P., Ilieva, M. and Iezhova, T.A. 2014. Molecular characterization of five widespread avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida), with perspectives on the PCR-based detection of haemosporidians in wildlife. Parasitology research 113(6): 2251-2263.
Van Buren, A. N., and P. D. Boersma. 2007. Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in the Northern Hemisphere. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119(284–288).
Vanstreels, R. E. T., Braga, É. M., & Catao-Dias, J. L. 2016. Blood parasites of penguins: a critical review. Parasitology 143: 931.
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Vianna, J.A., Cortes, M., Ramos, B., Sallaberry-Pincheira, N., González-Acuña, D., Dantas, G.P.M., Morgante, J., Simeone, A. & Luna-Jorquera, G. 2014. Changes in abundance and distribution of Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti. Marine Ornithology 42: 153–159.
Wallace, R. S.; Grzybowski, K.; Diebold, E.; Michaels, M. G.; Tear, J. A.; Willis, M. J. 1999. Movements of Humboldt Penguins from a breeding colony in Chile. Waterbirds 22: 441-444.
IUCN SSC Penguin Specialist Group
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/humboldt-penguin-spheniscus-humboldti on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.