Data Zone
Atkinson, C. T., Dusek, R. J., Woods, K. L., Iko, W. M. 2000. Pathogenicity of avian malaria in experimentally-infected amakihi. Journal of Wildlife Disease 36: 197-204.
Atkinson, C. T., Woods, K. L., Dusek, R. J., Sileo, L. S. & Iko., W. M. 1995. Wildlife disease and conservation in Hawaii: Pathogenicity of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) in experimentally infected Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea). Parasitology 111: S59-S69.
Banko, W.E. and Banko, P.C. 2009. Historic decline and extinction. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 25-58. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Benning, T. L.; LaPointe, D.; Atkinson, C. T.; Vitousek, P. M. 2002. Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(22): 14246-14249.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Broder Van Dyke, M. 2022. Biologists capture one of the last remaining akikiki birds in hopes of saving the species before it goes extinct. Kauai. Spectrum News. Available at: https://spectrumlocalnews.com/hi/hawaii/news/2022/09/07/biologists-capture-one-of-the-last-remaining-akikiki-birds-in-hopes-of-saving-the-species-before-it-goes-extinct.
Camp, R. J., Brink, K. W., Gorresen, P. M., Paxton, E. H. 2016. Evaluating abundance and trends in a Hawaiian avian community using state-space analysis. Bird Conservation Internationa 26: 225-242.
Freed, L. A. 2001. Significance of old-growth forest to the Hawai‘i ‘Akepa. Studies in Avian Biology 22: 173-184.
Freed, L. A., Cann, R. C. 2009. Negative effects of an introduced bird species on growth and survival in a native bird community. Current Biology 19: 1-5.
Freed, L. A., Medeiros, M. C. and Bodner, G. R. 2008. Explosive increase in ectoparasites in Hawaiian forest birds. Journal of Parasitology 94(5): 1009-1021.
Freed, L. A.; Cann, R. L.; Bodner, G. R. 2008. Incipient extinction of a major population of the Hawaii akepa owing to introduced species. Evolutionary Ecology Research 10: 931-965.
Fretz, J. S. 2002. Scales of food availability for an endangered insectivore, the Hawaii Akepa. The Auk 119: 166-174.
Gorresen, P. M., Camp, R.J., Reynolds, M.H., Woodworth, B.L., Pratt, T.K. 2009. Status and trends of native Hawaiian song birds. In: Pratt, T. K., Atkinson, C. T., Banko, P. C., Jacobi, J. D., Woodworth, B.L. (ed.), Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds: Implications for island avifauna, pp. 108-136. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
Jacobi, J. D.; Atkinson, C. T. 1995. Hawaii's endemic birds. In: LaRoe, E.T. (ed.), Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of US plants, animals, and ecosystems, pp. 376-381. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C.
Judge, S.W., Camp, R.J., Hart, P.J., Kichman, S.T. 2018. Population estimates of the Endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) in different habitats on windward Mauna Loa. Journal of Field Ornithology 89(1): 11-21.
Kendall, S. J., Rounds, R. A., Camp, R. J., Genz, A. S. 2022. Forest bird populations at the Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Hawai‘i. Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report HCSU-102. University of Hawai‘i, Hilo, Hawaii, USA.
Lepson, J. K.; Freed, L. A. 1995. Variation in male plumage and behavior of the Hawaii Akepa. The Auk 112: 402-414.
Lepson, J. K.; Freed, L. A. 1997. 'Akepa (Loxops coccineus). In: Poole, A.; Gill, F. (ed.), The birds of North America, No. 294, pp. 1-24. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union, Philadelphia and Washington, DC.
Liao, W., Elison Timm, O., Zhang, C., Atkinson, C.T., LaPointe, D.A., Samuel, M.D. 2015. Will a warmer and wetter future cause extinction of native Hawaiian forest birds? Global Change Biology 21(12): 4342-4352.
Miranda Paez, A., Chalkowski, K., Zohdy, S., Willoughby, J.R. 2022. Management of avian malaria in populations of high conservation concern. Parasites & Vectors 15(1): 1-6.
Paxton, E. H., Laut, M., Vetter, J. P., & Kendall, S. J. 2018. Research and management priorities for Hawaiian forest birds. The Condor: Ornithological Applications 120(3): 557-565.
Pratt, H.D. 1994. Avifaunal change in the Hawaiian Islands, 1893-1993. Studies in Avian Biology 15: 103-118.
Ralph, C. J.; Fancy, S. G. 1994. Demography and movements of the endangered Akepa and Hawaii Creeper. Wilson Bulletin 106: 615-628.
Scott, J.M.; Mountainspring, S.; Ramsey, F.L.; Kepler, C.B. 1986. Forest bird communities of the Hawaiian Islands: Their dynamics, ecology, and conservation. Cooper Ornithological Society, California.
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2006. Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2020. Hawai‘i ‘ākepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) 5- year review summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, Hawaii.
VanderWerf, E. A. 2012. Hawaiian Bird Conservation Action Plan. Pacific Rim Conservation, Honolulu, HI.
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Hawaii Akepa Loxops coccineus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/hawaii-akepa-loxops-coccineus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.