• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2008	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,070,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	25000-77000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2022
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2015-2032
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	5.62 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is described as uncommon to locally common (Stotz et al. 1996, Short and Kirwan 2020). In Colombia, densities of 4.6-8.8 individuals/km² could be observed (Renjifo et al. 2014 and references therein), though this may be an overestimate (E. Botero-Delgadillo in litt. 2023). Assuming that these densities are representative for the entire range, and assuming that only 25% of forests within the range are occupied to account for the species' apparent rarity and localised occurrence (i.e., 8,000-13,000 km²; Global Forest Watch 2022), the global population may number c.36,800-114,400 individuals. This roughly equates to 25,000-77,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population trend has not been investigated, but it is feared that the species is undergoing a decline as a consequence of habitat loss and fragmentation. It is reportedly rarer in secondary forests and plantations than in mature forests (Renjifo et al. 2014).
Over three generations (16.9 years), 2% of tree cover is lost within the range (Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Rates of forest loss can however be locally higher, and habitat continues to be degraded and fragmented (Short and Kirwan 2020). Moreover, similar to its congener A. laminirostris, it may depend on tall trees and standing deadwood for nesting sites (per Short and Sharpe 2020) so that the population is disproportionately affected by habitat loss and selective logging. Nevertheless, most deforestation is happening below the species' altitudinal range, and high-elevation forests currently appear at low risk (Short and Kirwan 2020, Global Forest Watch 2022).
It cannot be ruled out that the species is locally hunted, though its impact, if at all, is unlikely to be major (per Renjifo et al. 2014). Consequently, a slow population decline is suspected, which is here tentatively placed in the band 1-19% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes
Peru	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Alto Quindío
Colombia	Bosques del Oriente de Risaralda
Colombia	Cuenca del Río Hereje
Colombia	Cuenca del Río Toche
Colombia	Laguna de la Cocha
Colombia	Páramos y Bosques Altoandinos de Génova
Colombia	Reservas Comunitarias de Roncesvalles
Ecuador	Acanamá-Guashapamba-Aguirre
Ecuador	Bosque Protector Colambo-Yacuri
Ecuador	Bosque Protector Dudas-Mazar
Ecuador	Bosque Protector Moya-Molón
Ecuador	Cajas-Mazán
Ecuador	Estación Biológica Guandera-Cerro Mongus
Ecuador	Manteles - El Triunfo - Sucre
Ecuador	Montañas de Zapote-Najda
Ecuador	Parque Nacional Cayambe-Coca
Ecuador	Parque Nacional Llanganates
Ecuador	Parque Nacional Podocarpus
Ecuador	Parque Nacional Sangay
Ecuador	Reserva Comunal Bosque de Angashcola
Ecuador	Selva Alegre
Ecuador	Tapichalaca Reserve (Reserva Tapichalaca IBA)
Peru	Abra Patricia - Alto Mayo
Peru	Cerro Chinguela
Peru	Cordillera de Colán
Peru	Cordillera Vilcabamba
Peru	Cordillera Yanachaga
Peru	La Cocha
Peru	Laguna de los Cóndores
Peru	Manu
Peru	Milpo
Peru	Playa Pampa
Peru	Río Abiseo y Tayabamba
Peru	Río Utcubamba
Peru	Santuario Histórico Machu Picchu

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	2000 - 3650 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	1390 - 4270 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan Andigena hypoglauca. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/grey-breasted-mountain-toucan-andigena-hypoglauca on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.