• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	9,590,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	123,000,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	100000-225000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2009
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	5.8 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.150,000-340,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2016). This roughly equates to 100,000-225,000 mature individuals. National population sizes have been estimated at < 10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in China; and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 600-1,000 pairs, which equates to 1,200-2,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to determine because of uncertainty over the impacts of habitat modification on population sizes. However, the species appears to be in decline (Wetlands International 2016). In Europe, the current population trend has not been estimated, but the population size is thought to be decreasing by at least 10% in three generations (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native		yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Australia	extant	native
Austria	extant	vagrant
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes			yes
Bahrain	extant	native			yes	yes
Bangladesh	extant	native
Belgium	extant	vagrant
British Indian Ocean Territory	extant	native
Brunei	extant	native
Bulgaria	extant	vagrant
Burundi	extant	vagrant
Cambodia	extant	native
China (mainland)	extant	native
Christmas Island (to Australia)	extant	native
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia)	extant	native
Comoros	extant	native
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	vagrant
Cyprus	extant	native			yes	yes
Denmark	extant	vagrant
Djibouti	extant	native
Egypt	extant	native
Eritrea	extant	native
Finland	extant	vagrant
France	extant	vagrant
Germany	extant	vagrant
Greece	extant	vagrant
Guam (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native			yes
Hungary	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native
Indonesia	extant	native
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native	yes			yes
Iraq	extant	native				yes
Israel	extant	native
Italy	extant	vagrant
Japan	extant	native
Jordan	extant	native		yes		yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kenya	extant	native
Kuwait	extant	native	yes			yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native		yes
Laos	extant	native
Lebanon	extant	native				yes
Libya	extant	vagrant
Madagascar	extant	native
Malawi	extant	vagrant
Malaysia	extant	native			yes
Maldives	extant	native
Malta	extant	vagrant
Mauritius	extant	native
Mayotte (to France)	extant	native
Micronesia, Federated States of	extant	native			yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	vagrant
Mozambique	extant	native
Myanmar	extant	native
Namibia	extant	native
Nauru	extant	uncertain			yes
Nepal	extant	native
Netherlands	extant	vagrant
New Caledonia (to France)	extant	native
New Zealand	extant	native
Nigeria	extant	vagrant
North Korea	extant	native
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Norway	extant	vagrant
Oman	extant	native			yes	yes
Pakistan	extant	native
Palau	extant	native			yes
Palestine	extant	native				yes
Papua New Guinea	extant	native
Philippines	extant	native
Poland	extant	vagrant
Qatar	extant	native				yes
Réunion (to France)	extant	native
Russia	extant	native		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Rwanda	extant	vagrant
Saudi Arabia	extant	native			yes	yes
Senegal	extant	vagrant
Seychelles	extant	native
Singapore	extant	native
Solomon Islands	extant	native
Somalia	extant	native
South Africa	extant	native
South Korea	extant	native
Sri Lanka	extant	native
Sudan	extant	native			yes
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Syria	extant	native		yes		yes
Taiwan, China	extant	native
Tajikistan	extant	native
Tanzania	extant	native
Thailand	extant	native			yes
Timor-Leste	extant	native			yes	yes
Tunisia	extant	vagrant
Türkiye	extant	native		yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
Ukraine	extant	vagrant
United Arab Emirates	extant	native			yes	yes
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant
USA	extant	vagrant
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes
Vanuatu	extant	native
Vietnam	extant	native			yes
Yemen	extant	native			yes	yes
Zambia	extant	native
Zimbabwe	extant	vagrant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Australia	Eighty Mile Beach
Australia	Roebuck Bay
Brunei	Brunei Bay
Cyprus	Agia Thekla - Liopetri River
Cyprus	Kato Pafos Lighthouse Area
Hong Kong (China)	Inner Deep Bay and Shenzhen River catchment area
Jordan	Azraq
Jordan	Burqu'
Kazakhstan	Altyn-Emel National Park
Kazakhstan	Arys-Karaktau State Reserved Zone
Kazakhstan	Zhusandala
Kenya	Mida Creek, Whale Island and the Malindi - Watamu coast
Malaysia	Bako-Buntal Bay
Malaysia	Brunei Bay (Malaysia)
Malaysia	North-central Selangor coast
Malaysia	Pulau Bruit National Park
Malaysia	Sadong-Saribas coast
Mongolia	Airag Lake
Mongolia	Khasagt Khairkhan Mountain
Oman	Barr al Hikman
Oman	Masirah island
Russia (Asian)	Agar-Dag
Saudi Arabia	Tarut Bay
Syria	Jabal Sis
Tanzania	Mnazi Bay
Tanzania	Tanga North - Kibo saltpans
Tanzania	Tanga South
Tanzania	Zanzibar Island-East Coast
Thailand	Inner Gulf of Thailand
Türkiye	Bolluk Lake
Türkiye	Çöl Lake and Çalıkdüzü
Türkiye	Erçek Lake
Türkiye	Ereğli Plain
Türkiye	Hodulbaba Mountain
Türkiye	Hotamış Marshes
Türkiye	Karapınar Plain
Türkiye	Kulu Lake
Türkiye	Obruk Plateau
Türkiye	Palas Lake
Türkiye	Sultan Marsh
Türkiye	Tersakan Lake
Türkiye	Tuz Lake
Turkmenistan	Delili - Garajabatyr
Turkmenistan	Garashor
Turkmenistan	Tekejik - Biynekyr
Turkmenistan	Uzboy
United Arab Emirates	Ba Al Ghaylam
United Arab Emirates	Khor Al Beidah
Uzbekistan	The desert around Kurkuduk village
Vietnam	Ba Tri
Vietnam	Binh Dai
Yemen	Aden

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Desert	Hot	suitable	breeding
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Sand Dunes	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Mud Flats and Salt Flats	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Tidepools	suitable	non-breeding
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)		suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes	suitable	passage
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools	suitable	passage
Wetlands (inland)	Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats	suitable	breeding
Altitude	0 - 3000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Human intrusions & disturbance	Recreational activities	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Spartina alterniflora	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Other ecosystem modifications	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Greater Sandplover Charadrius leschenaultii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/greater-sandplover-charadrius-leschenaultii on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.