Taxonomic note
Thalasseus bergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 142,000,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2009 |
Population trend | stable | - | suspected | - |
Generation length | 10.5 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.150,000-1,100,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2006), while national population estimates include: c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in China; c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Taiwan and c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in Japan (Brazil 2009).
Trend justification: The overall population trend is stable, although some populations have unknown trends (Delany and Scott 2006).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | extant | native | yes | |||
Bahrain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Bangladesh | extant | native | ||||
British Indian Ocean Territory | extant | native | ||||
Brunei | extant | native | ||||
Cambodia | extant | native | ||||
China (mainland) | extant | native | ||||
Cook Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
Djibouti | extant | native | yes | |||
Egypt | extant | native | ||||
Eritrea | extant | native | ||||
Fiji | extant | native | yes | |||
French Polynesia | extant | native | ||||
Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
India | extant | native | ||||
Indonesia | extant | native | ||||
Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
Israel | extant | native | ||||
Japan | extant | native | ||||
Jordan | extant | vagrant | ||||
Kenya | extant | native | ||||
Kiribati | extant | native | ||||
Kuwait | extant | native | yes | |||
Madagascar | extant | native | yes | |||
Malaysia | extant | native | yes | |||
Maldives | extant | native | yes | |||
Marshall Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
Mauritius | extant | native | ||||
Mayotte (to France) | extant | native | ||||
Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
Mozambique | extant | native | ||||
Myanmar | extant | native | ||||
Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
Nauru | extant | vagrant | ||||
New Caledonia (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
New Zealand | extant | vagrant | ||||
North Korea | extant | vagrant | ||||
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
Oman | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Pakistan | extant | native | ||||
Palau | extant | native | yes | |||
Papua New Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
Philippines | extant | native | yes | |||
Qatar | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
Seychelles | extant | native | yes | |||
Singapore | extant | native | ||||
Solomon Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
Somalia | extant | native | ||||
South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
Sri Lanka | extant | native | ||||
Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
Tanzania | extant | native | yes | |||
Thailand | extant | native | ||||
Timor-Leste | extant | native | yes | |||
Tonga | extant | native | yes | |||
Tuvalu | extant | native | yes | |||
United Arab Emirates | extant | native | yes | |||
USA | extant | vagrant | ||||
Vanuatu | extant | native | yes | |||
Vietnam | extant | native | ||||
Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | extant | native | ||||
Yemen | extant | native | yes | yes |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites | suitable | breeding |
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | breeding |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Back Slope | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Lagoon | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | breeding |
Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Food - human | subsistence, national |
Food - human | subsistence, national |
Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Greater Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/greater-crested-tern-thalasseus-bergii on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.