Abdul Kadir Abu Hashim. 2002. Sumatran Rhinoceros and wildlife survey at Gunung Basor and Gunung Anak Noring (Perak-Kelantan) from 24th – 31st July 2002. . Journal of Wildlife and Parks 20: 27-36.
Bachan, A.K.H., Kannan, R., Muraleedharan, S. and Kumar, S. 2011. Participatory conservation and monitoring of Great hornbills and Malabar pied hornbills with the involvement of endemic Kadar tribe in the Anamalai hills of southern Western Ghats, India. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 24: 37-43.
Birand, A; Pawar, S. 2004. An ornithological survey in north-east India. Forktail: 15-24.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261.
Chang, X., Quan, R. and Wang, L. 2013. Bird conservation in extremely small tropical rainforest patches in southwest China. Biological Conservation 158: 188-195.
Chong, M.H.N. 1993. The distribution, status and conservation of hornbills and their habitats in Peninsular Malaysia. In: Poonswad, P. and Kemp, A.C (eds), Manual to the Conservation of Asian Hornbills, pp. 342-370. Thailand Hornbill Project., Bangkok.
Chong, M.H.N. 1998. A survey of hornbills in rain forest habitats of Peninsular Malaysia. In: Poonswad, P (ed.), The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation (Thai Studies in Biodiversity No. 2), pp. 13-22. Thailand: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
Choo, J.H. and Teresa, O. 2001. Bird checklist of Bukit Rengit, Lanchang, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 19: 109-122.
Datta, A. 1998. Hornbill abundance in unlogged forest, selectively logged forest and a forest plantation in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Oryx 32: 285-294.
Datta, A. and Rawat, G.S. 2003. Foraging patterns of sympatric hornbills during the nonbreeding season in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Biotropica 35: 208-218.
Davison, G.W.H. 1995. The birds of Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 48(3&4): 371-386.
DoFPS. 2017. Forest and Nature Conservation Rules and Regulations of Bhutan, 2017. Thimphu, Bhutan.
Eames, J. C. 2008. Rufous-necked and Great Hornbills confiscated in Myanmar. The Babbler: BirdLife in Indochina: 15.
eBird. 2017. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. eBird, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://www.ebird.org. (Accessed: January 9, 2017).
Gale, G.A. and Thongaree S. 2006. Density estimates of nine hornbill species in a lowland forest site in Northern Thailand. Bird Conservation International 16: 57-69.
Goes, F. 2013. The Birds of Cambodia: An Annotated Checklist. Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Fauna and Flora International Cambodia Programme and Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh.
Hasdi Hassan, Asang & Siti Hawa Yatim. 2003. Sighting of Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) at Gunung Raya, Pulau Langkawi, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 21: 111-112.
IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 December 2020).
James, D.A., Bachan, A.K.H. and Kannan, R. 2011. Installation of artificial nest cavities for the endangered Great hornbill: a pilot study in southern India. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 24: 73-76.
Jensen, S. B. 2008. Modernes Kennenlernen bei Hornvögeln. Gefiederte Welt 132(6): 32.
Kannan, R. and James, D.A. 1999. Fruiting phenology and the conservation of the Great Pied Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) in the Western Ghats of Southern India. Biotropica 31: 167-177.
Kaur , R., Sanjitpaal, S. and Abdul Hamid Ahmad. 2015. The breeding biology of the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros and Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil in the Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia.
Keartumsom, Y., Chimchome, V., Poonswad, P., Pattanavibool, A., and Pongpattananurak, N. 2011. Home range of Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758) and Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus (Shaw) 1881) in non-breeding season at Khao Yai National Park, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand 18: 47-55.
Kemp, A.C. & Boesman, P. 2017. Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (ed.), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Available at: http://www.hbw.com/node/55908. Accessed: 15th February 2017.
King, B., Buck, H., Ferguson, R., Fisher, T., Goblet, C., Nickel, H. and Suter, W. 2001. Birds recorded during two expeditions to North Myanmar (Burma). Forktail 17: 29-40.
Lim, K.C. and Tan, M. 2000. Bird observations in Belum Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal . 54 3: 259-265.
Mudappa, D. & Rahman, T. R.S. 2009. A conservation status survey of hornbills (Bucerotidae) in the Western Ghats, India. Indian Birds 5(4): 90-102.
Naniwadekar, R., Mishra, C., Isvaran, K., Madhusudan, M. D., and Datta, A. 2015. Looking beyond parks: the conservation value of unprotected areas for hornbills in Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya. Oryx 49: 303-311.
Naniwadekar, R.; Datta, A.; Raghunath, R.; Karthik, T.; Ghosalkar, M.; Borah, B.;Lotha, L. 2018. Hornbill distribution in a biodiversity hotspot: occupancy modelling for hornbills in north-east India. Forest Departments of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and Mizoram.
Naniwadekar, R.; Mishra, C.; A., and Datta, A. 2015b. Fruit resource tracking by hornbill species at multiple scales in a tropical forest in India. Journal of Tropical Ecology 31(477-490).
Norsham, Y. and Teresa, O. 2001. Vertebrate fauna of Compartment 14, Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 19: 99-108.
Nur Atiqah and Ahmad Tarmizi. 2014. Expedition 2014: Teluk Batik Forest - 18 to 27 January 2014. Malaysian Naturalist 67(3): 12-14.
Ong, T., Choo, J.H., Mat Isa and Lim, B.L. 2000.
Ong, T., Lim, K.C., Yeap, C.A. and Ravinder, K. 2009. Nesting hornbills in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia. 5th International Hornbill Conference, Singapore.
Pasuwan, C., Pattanakiat, S., Navanugraha, C., Chimchome, V., Madsri, S., Rattanarungsikul, P., Thiensongrusamee, P., Boonsriroj, T. and Poonswad, P. 2011. An assessment on artificial nest construction for hornbills in Budo Sungai Padi National Park, Thailand. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 24: 85-93.
Pattanavibool, A.; Dearden, P.; Kutintara, U. 2004. Habitat fragmentation in north Thailand: a case study. Bird Conservation International 14: S13-S22.
Pawar, P. Y., Naniwadekar, R., Raman., T. R. S. & Mudappa, D. 2018. ). Breeding biology of Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis in tropical rainforest and human-modified plantation landscape in Western Ghats, India. Ornithological Science 17(2): 205-216.
Poonswad, P. 1995. Nest site characteristics of four sympatric species of hornbills in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Ibis 137: 183–191.
Poonswad, P. and A. Tsuji, A. 1994. Ranges of male of the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Brown Hornbill Ptilolaemus tickelli and Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Ibis 136: 79-86.
Poonswad, P., A. C. Kemp, and M. Strange. 2013. Hornbills of the world: A photographic guide. Draco Publishing and Distributions Pte. Ltd.,Singapore and Hornbill Research Foundation, Thailand.
Poonswad, P., Sukkasem, C., Phataramata, S., Hayeemuida, S., Plongmai, K., Chuailua, P., Thiensongrusame, P. and Jirawatkavi, N. 2005. Comparison of cavity modification and community involvement as strategies for hornbill conservation in Thailand. Biological Conservation 122(3): 385-393.
Poonswad, P.; Tsuji, A.; Jirawatkavi, N.; Chimchome, V. 1998. Some aspects of food and feeding ecology of sympatric hornbills in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. In: Poonswad, P. (ed.), The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation, pp. 137-157. Biodiversity Research and Training Program, Bangkok.
Poonswad, P.; Tsuji, A.; Ngampongsai, C. 1987. A comparative study on breeding biology of sympatric hornbill species (Bucerotidae) in Thailand with implications for breeding in captivity. Proceedings Jean Delacour / IFCB Symposium on breeding birds in captivity, pp. 250-315. International Foundation for the Conservation of Birds, California.
Rahmah Ilias and Hamdon Tak. 2009-2010. A checklist of birds at three Forest Reserves of Pangkor Island, Perak. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 26: 71-77.
Rahmani, A.R. 2012. Threatened Birds of India - Their Conservation Requirements. Oxford University Press.
Raman, T.R.S. and Mudappa, D. 2003. Correlates of hornbill distribution and abundance in rainforest fragments in the southern Western Ghats, India. Bird Conservation International 13: 199-212.
Rane, A. and Datta, A. 2015. Protecting a hornbill haven: a community-based conservation initiative in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Malayan Nature Journal 67(2): 203-218.
Siti Hawa Yatim, Zainuddin Baatu, Khirull Anuar Saaidun and Mat Isa Marzuki. 1985. Survey of mammal and bird species in six different habitat: mangrove, lowland dipterocarp, montane oak and montane ericaceous forest. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 4: 67-91.
Siti Hawa Yatim. 1984. Survey of mammal and bird species in Tanjung Hantu Forest Reserve Perak, Gunung Machinchang Forest Reserve Pulau Langkawi and Kuala Gula Bird Sanctuary, Perak. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 3(18-36).
Siti Hawa Yatim. 1993. Status and biology of hornbills in Peninsular Malaysia. In: Poonswad, P. and Kemp, A.C. (eds), Manual to the Conservation of Asian Hornbills, pp. 372-386. Thailand Hornbill Project, Bangkok.
Spierenburg, P. 2005. Birds in Bhutan: status and distribution. Oriental Bird Club, Bedford, U.K.
Tan, G.C. 2019. The great-rhino hybrid at Panti. Malaysian Naturalist 72(3): 32.
Tracewski, L.; Butchart, S.H.M.; Di Marco, M.; Ficetola, G.F.; Rondinini, C.; Symes, A.; Wheatley, H.; Beresford, A.E. and Buchanan, G.M. 2016. Toward quantification of the impact of 21st-century deforestation on the extinction risk of terrestrial vertebrates. Conservation Biology 30(5): 1070-1079.
Trisurat, Y.; Chimchome, V.; Pattanavibool, A.; Jinamoy, S.; Thongaree, S.; Kanchanasakha, B.; Simcharoen, S.; Sribuarod, K.; Mahannop, N.; Poonswad. P. 2013. An assessment of the distribution and conservation status of hornbill species in Thailand. Oryx 47: 441-450.
Wells, D. R. 1999. Birds of the Thai-Malay peninsula, volume 1: non-passerines. Academic Press, London.
Yeap, C.A. 2005. Report on Birds of Langkawi Archipelago. Malayan Nature Journal 57(1): 91-143.
Yeap, C.A., Krishnamsamy, K. and Tan, H.S.P. 2006. Archipelago. Malayan Nature Journal 57(1):91-143. Yeap, C.A., Krishnamsamy, K. and Tan, H.S.P. 2006. Casque-butting in Great Hornbills Buceros bicornis: An Observation from Pulau Langkawi, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 57(4): 463-465.
Zheng, X., Zhang, L. Yang, Z. and Chan, B. P. L. 2020. Flocking of hornbills observed in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China. Hornbill Natural History and Conservation 1(1): 42-44.
IUCN SSC Hornbill Specialist Group
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-hornbill-buceros-bicornis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.