• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c;C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c;C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	A2c; A3c; A4c; C2a(i)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Endangered
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	398,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2018
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2017-2028
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is generally rare. The distribution range is well surveyed (see eBird 2023), and based on field reports the population is estimated with certainty to number less than 10,000 mature individuals, with less than 1,000 mature individuals in each subpopulation.
The population in Murici Ecological Station is estimated at 50-100 individuals, and at other sites mostly only small groups of up to 15 individuals are recorded (H. Vilela and A. Andrade in litt. 2020).

Trend justification: Declines are reported, likely as a consequence of habitat loss and degradation (ICMBio 2018). The species has become locally extinct in São Paulo and Ceará (ICMBio 2018, H. Vilela and A. Andrade in litt. 2020). Nevertheless, some populations, e.g. in the Pedra D'Antas Private Nature Reserve, have remained stable over the last 15 years (H. Vilela and A. Andrade in litt. 2020).
Given that trapping pressure appears negligible in this species, population declines are assumed to be predominantly caused by habitat conversion. Despite its ability to cross areas of open habitat it requires continuous forests of at least 50-100 ha in size (Pereira et al. 2014, G. Pereira per S. Dantas in litt. 2020). Tree cover within the range is lost at a rate of 6% over three generations (10.8 years; Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). This value however does not account for the additional impacts of forest degradation and fragmentation, and therefore the overall rates of habitat loss, and consequently population decline, may be larger. Tentatively, population declines are here placed in the band 10-19% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brazil	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Alto Cariri
Brazil	Baixo-Sul
Brazil	Boa Nova / Serra da Ouricana
Brazil	Complexo Gurjaú
Brazil	Complexo Pedra Azul / Forno Grande
Brazil	Estação Veracruz
Brazil	Guadalupe
Brazil	Igarassu
Brazil	Ilhéus / Itabuna
Brazil	Mata da Campina e Fragmentos Adjacentes
Brazil	Mata do Crasto e Restingas de Itaporanga e Estância
Brazil	Parque Nacional do Pau Brasil / Trancoso
Brazil	Reserva Biológica da Mata Escura
Brazil	Santa Teresa
Brazil	Serra Bonita
Brazil	Serra do Mascarenhas/Mata do Estado
Brazil	Serras das Lontras e do Javi
Brazil	Sooretama / Linhares
Brazil	Una
Brazil	Usina Cachoeira

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		No decline		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Golden-tailed Parrotlet Touit surdus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/golden-tailed-parrotlet-touit-surdus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.