LC
Garganey Spatula querquedula



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Spatula querquedula (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas.

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Perrins, C.M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cramp, S.; Perrins, C. M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2016 Least Concern
2012 Least Concern
2009 Least Concern
2008 Least Concern
2004 Least Concern
2000 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994 Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988 Lower Risk/Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status full migrant Forest dependency does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 32,500,000 km2 medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) 82,900,000 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size unknown poor estimated 2012
Population trend decreasing - suspected -
Generation length 6.5 years - - -

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.2,600,000-2,800,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 352,000-524,000 pairs, which equates to 704,000-1,050,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends or are stable (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated to be decreasing by less than 25% in three generations (19.5 years) (BirdLife International 2015).


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Afghanistan extant native yes
Albania extant native yes
Algeria extant native
Armenia extant native yes
Australia extant vagrant
Austria extant native yes yes
Azerbaijan extant native yes
Bahrain extant native yes
Bangladesh extant native yes
Barbados extant vagrant
Belarus extant native yes
Belgium extant native yes
Benin extant native
Bermuda (to UK) extant vagrant yes
Bhutan extant native
Bosnia and Herzegovina extant native yes
Botswana extant vagrant
Brunei extant native
Bulgaria extant native yes
Burkina Faso extant native
Burundi extant native
Cambodia extant native
Cameroon extant native
Canada extant vagrant
Cape Verde extant vagrant
Central African Republic extant native
Chad extant native
China (mainland) extant native
Christmas Island (to Australia) extant vagrant
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the extant native
Côte d'Ivoire extant native
Croatia extant native yes
Cyprus extant native yes yes
Czechia extant native yes
Denmark extant native yes yes
Djibouti extant native
Egypt extant native
Eritrea extant native
Estonia extant native yes yes
Ethiopia extant native
Faroe Islands (to Denmark) extant vagrant
Finland extant native yes yes
France extant native yes yes
Gabon extant native
Gambia extant native
Georgia extant native yes
Germany extant native yes yes
Ghana extant native
Greece extant native yes yes
Guam (to USA) extant native yes
Guinea extant native
Guinea-Bissau extant native
Hong Kong (China) extant native
Hungary extant native yes yes
Iceland extant vagrant
India extant native
Indonesia extant native
Iran, Islamic Republic of extant native yes yes
Iraq extant native yes yes
Ireland extant native yes
Israel extant native yes
Italy extant native yes yes
Japan extant native
Jordan extant native yes
Kazakhstan extant native yes
Kenya extant native
Kuwait extant native yes
Kyrgyzstan extant native
Laos extant native
Latvia extant native yes
Lebanon extant native yes
Liberia extant native
Libya extant native
Liechtenstein extant native
Lithuania extant native yes
Luxembourg extant native yes
Malawi extant native
Malaysia extant native
Maldives extant native
Mali extant native
Malta extant native
Marshall Islands extant vagrant
Mauritania extant native
Mauritius extant vagrant
Mexico extant vagrant
Moldova extant native yes yes
Mongolia extant native yes
Montenegro extant native yes
Morocco extant native
Myanmar extant native
Nepal extant native
Netherlands extant native yes
Niger extant native yes
Nigeria extant native
North Korea extant native
North Macedonia extant native yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) extant native yes
Norway extant native yes
Oman extant native yes yes
Pakistan extant native
Palau extant native yes
Palestine extant native yes
Papua New Guinea extant native
Philippines extant native yes
Poland extant native yes yes
Portugal extant native yes
Puerto Rico (to USA) extant vagrant
Qatar extant native yes
Réunion (to France) extant vagrant
Romania extant native yes yes
Russia extant native yes yes
Russia (Asian) extant native yes
Russia (Central Asian) extant native yes yes
Russia (European) extant native yes yes
Rwanda extant native
Saudi Arabia extant native yes
Senegal extant native
Serbia extant native yes
Seychelles extant native
Sierra Leone extant native
Singapore extant native
Slovakia extant native yes
Slovenia extant native yes yes
Somalia extant native
South Africa extant native
South Korea extant native
South Sudan extant native yes
Spain extant native yes
Sri Lanka extant native yes
Sudan extant native
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) extant vagrant
Sweden extant native yes yes
Switzerland extant native yes
Syria extant native yes
Taiwan, China extant native
Tajikistan extant native
Tanzania extant native
Thailand extant native
Timor-Leste extant vagrant
Togo extant native
Tunisia extant native
Türkiye extant native yes
Turkmenistan extant native
Uganda extant native
Ukraine extant native yes yes
United Arab Emirates extant native yes yes
United Kingdom extant native yes
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) extant vagrant
USA extant vagrant yes
Uzbekistan extant native yes
Vietnam extant native yes
Western Sahara extant native
Yemen extant native yes
Zambia extant native
Zimbabwe extant native

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Austria March/Thaya riverine forest
Austria Neusiedler See
Azerbaijan Gizilagach
Bangladesh Aila Beel
Bangladesh Hakaluki Haor
Bangladesh Jamuna-Brahmaputra river
Bangladesh Muhuri Dam
Bangladesh Tanguar Haor and Panabeel
Belarus Biarezina-Hajna
Belarus Dniepr floodplain Lojeŭ-Žary
Belarus Mid Prypiac'
Belarus Sož floodplain
Belarus Vyhanaščanskija baloty
Cameroon Waza National Park
Chad Lake Chad
Chad Lake Fitri
China (mainland) Xingkai Hu Nature Reserve
India Carambolim Wetlands
India Kole Wetland
India Kolleru Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
India Kunthur - Kallur Lakes
India Patna Bird Sanctuary
India Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary
India Suchindram Therur, Vembanoor
India Vembanad Lake
Iran, Islamic Republic of Anzali Mordab complex
Iran, Islamic Republic of Lake Kobi
Iran, Islamic Republic of Lake Uromiyeh
Iran, Islamic Republic of Miankaleh Peninsula and Gorgan Bay
Iran, Islamic Republic of Nowruzlu and Ghazanlu
Iran, Islamic Republic of Shadegan marshes and tidal mudflats of Khor-al Amaya and Khor Musa
Israel Northern Arava valley
Israel Southern Arava valley and Elat mountains
Kazakhstan Kyzylkol Lake
Mali Lac Débo - Lac Oualado Débo
Mali Lac Faguibine
Mali Lac Horo
Mali Mare de Gossi
Mali Séri
Mali Timisobo - Képagou
Mauritania Diawling National Park
Mauritania Gâat Mahmoûdé
Mauritania Lac d'Aleg
Mauritania Lac de Mâl
Mauritania Rkîz
Mauritania Tâmourt de Chlim
Mauritania Tâmourt en Na'âj
Montenegro Bojana Delta
Nigeria Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
Philippines Candaba swamp
Russia (Asian) Bolon' lake
Russia (Central Asian) Chernoye Lake
Russia (Central Asian) Dvuob'ye
Russia (Central Asian) Kurtan Lake
Russia (Central Asian) Man'yass lake
Russia (European) Delta of the River Don
Russia (European) Kamsko-Ikski area
Russia (European) Kupy area
Senegal Djoudj wetlands
South Sudan Sudd (Bahr-el-Jebel system)
Sri Lanka Mundel Lake
Sri Lanka Periyakadawela
Sri Lanka Wirawila Tank
Türkiye Kızılırmak Delta
Ukraine Mishuryn Rig
Ukraine Oril' river valley
Ukraine Pryp'yat' river valley
Ukraine Samars'kyj forest
Ukraine Tsybul'kivs'ki lakes
Uzbekistan Rogatoe Lake
Vietnam Tram Chim

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas suitable non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) suitable non-breeding
Grassland Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded suitable breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes suitable passage
Marine Intertidal Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) suitable passage
Marine Neritic Estuaries suitable passage
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) major non-breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Permanent Inland Deltas suitable breeding
Wetlands (inland) Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) suitable breeding
Altitude   Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Species disturbance, Species mortality
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather Droughts Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Human intrusions & disturbance Work & other activities Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Clostridium botulinum Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Likely to Return Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Past Impact
Stresses
Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Neovison vison Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Likely to Return Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Past Impact
Stresses
Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Viral/prion-induced diseases - West Nile Virus (WNV) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Species mortality
Natural system modifications Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications Dams & water management/use - Large dams Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications Other ecosystem modifications Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Food - human subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Garganey Spatula querquedula. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/garganey-spatula-querquedula on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.



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