Garganey (Spatula querquedula) - BirdLife species factsheet

Garganey Spatula querquedula

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Spatula querquedula (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas.

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Perrins, C.M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cramp, S.; Perrins, C. M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Species attributes

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

Range

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	32,500,000 km²	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	82,900,000 km²	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

Population

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	6.5 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.2,600,000-2,800,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 352,000-524,000 pairs, which equates to 704,000-1,050,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends or are stable (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated to be decreasing by less than 25% in three generations (19.5 years) (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native				yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	native
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Australia	extant	vagrant
Austria	extant	native		yes		yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes
Bahrain	extant	native				yes
Bangladesh	extant	native			yes
Barbados	extant	vagrant
Belarus	extant	native		yes
Belgium	extant	native		yes
Benin	extant	native
Bermuda (to UK)	extant	vagrant				yes
Bhutan	extant	native
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native	yes
Botswana	extant	vagrant
Brunei	extant	native
Bulgaria	extant	native	yes
Burkina Faso	extant	native
Burundi	extant	native
Cambodia	extant	native
Cameroon	extant	native
Canada	extant	vagrant
Cape Verde	extant	vagrant
Central African Republic	extant	native
Chad	extant	native
China (mainland)	extant	native
Christmas Island (to Australia)	extant	vagrant
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	extant	native
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	native
Croatia	extant	native	yes
Cyprus	extant	native		yes		yes
Czechia	extant	native	yes
Denmark	extant	native		yes		yes
Djibouti	extant	native
Egypt	extant	native
Eritrea	extant	native
Estonia	extant	native		yes		yes
Ethiopia	extant	native
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	native		yes		yes
France	extant	native	yes			yes
Gabon	extant	native
Gambia	extant	native
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native		yes		yes
Ghana	extant	native
Greece	extant	native		yes		yes
Guam (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Guinea	extant	native
Guinea-Bissau	extant	native
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native
Hungary	extant	native		yes		yes
Iceland	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native
Indonesia	extant	native
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native		yes		yes
Iraq	extant	native			yes	yes
Ireland	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	native				yes
Italy	extant	native	yes			yes
Japan	extant	native
Jordan	extant	native				yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kenya	extant	native
Kuwait	extant	native				yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native
Laos	extant	native
Latvia	extant	native		yes
Lebanon	extant	native				yes
Liberia	extant	native
Libya	extant	native
Liechtenstein	extant	native
Lithuania	extant	native	yes
Luxembourg	extant	native		yes
Malawi	extant	native
Malaysia	extant	native
Maldives	extant	native
Mali	extant	native
Malta	extant	native
Marshall Islands	extant	vagrant
Mauritania	extant	native
Mauritius	extant	vagrant
Mexico	extant	vagrant
Moldova	extant	native		yes		yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	native
Myanmar	extant	native
Nepal	extant	native
Netherlands	extant	native	yes
Niger	extant	native			yes
Nigeria	extant	native
North Korea	extant	native
North Macedonia	extant	native		yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Norway	extant	native		yes
Oman	extant	native			yes	yes
Pakistan	extant	native
Palau	extant	native			yes
Palestine	extant	native				yes
Papua New Guinea	extant	native
Philippines	extant	native			yes
Poland	extant	native	yes			yes
Portugal	extant	native		yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extant	vagrant
Qatar	extant	native				yes
Réunion (to France)	extant	vagrant
Romania	extant	native	yes			yes
Russia	extant	native		yes		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes		yes
Rwanda	extant	native
Saudi Arabia	extant	native				yes
Senegal	extant	native
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Seychelles	extant	native
Sierra Leone	extant	native
Singapore	extant	native
Slovakia	extant	native	yes
Slovenia	extant	native	yes			yes
Somalia	extant	native
South Africa	extant	native
South Korea	extant	native
South Sudan	extant	native			yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
Sri Lanka	extant	native			yes
Sudan	extant	native
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	extant	vagrant
Sweden	extant	native		yes		yes
Switzerland	extant	native	yes
Syria	extant	native				yes
Taiwan, China	extant	native
Tajikistan	extant	native
Tanzania	extant	native
Thailand	extant	native
Timor-Leste	extant	vagrant
Togo	extant	native
Tunisia	extant	native
Türkiye	extant	native	yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native
Uganda	extant	native
Ukraine	extant	native	yes			yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native			yes	yes
United Kingdom	extant	native		yes
United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA)	extant	vagrant
USA	extant	vagrant			yes
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes
Vietnam	extant	native			yes
Western Sahara	extant	native
Yemen	extant	native				yes
Zambia	extant	native
Zimbabwe	extant	native

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Austria	March/Thaya riverine forest
Austria	Neusiedler See
Azerbaijan	Gizilagach
Bangladesh	Aila Beel
Bangladesh	Hakaluki Haor
Bangladesh	Jamuna-Brahmaputra river
Bangladesh	Muhuri Dam
Bangladesh	Tanguar Haor and Panabeel
Belarus	Biarezina-Hajna
Belarus	Dniepr floodplain Lojeŭ-Žary
Belarus	Mid Prypiac'
Belarus	Sož floodplain
Belarus	Vyhanaščanskija baloty
Cameroon	Waza National Park
Chad	Lake Chad
Chad	Lake Fitri
China (mainland)	Xingkai Hu Nature Reserve
India	Carambolim Wetlands
India	Kole Wetland
India	Kolleru Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Kunthur - Kallur Lakes
India	Patna Bird Sanctuary
India	Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Suchindram Therur, Vembanoor
India	Vembanad Lake
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Anzali Mordab complex
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Lake Kobi
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Lake Uromiyeh
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Miankaleh Peninsula and Gorgan Bay
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Nowruzlu and Ghazanlu
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Shadegan marshes and tidal mudflats of Khor-al Amaya and Khor Musa
Israel	Northern Arava valley
Israel	Southern Arava valley and Elat mountains
Kazakhstan	Kyzylkol Lake
Mali	Lac Débo - Lac Oualado Débo
Mali	Lac Faguibine
Mali	Lac Horo
Mali	Mare de Gossi
Mali	Séri
Mali	Timisobo - Képagou
Mauritania	Diawling National Park
Mauritania	Gâat Mahmoûdé
Mauritania	Lac d'Aleg
Mauritania	Lac de Mâl
Mauritania	Rkîz
Mauritania	Tâmourt de Chlim
Mauritania	Tâmourt en Na'âj
Montenegro	Bojana Delta
Nigeria	Hadejia-Nguru wetlands
Philippines	Candaba swamp
Russia (Asian)	Bolon' lake
Russia (Central Asian)	Chernoye Lake
Russia (Central Asian)	Dvuob'ye
Russia (Central Asian)	Kurtan Lake
Russia (Central Asian)	Man'yass lake
Russia (European)	Delta of the River Don
Russia (European)	Kamsko-Ikski area
Russia (European)	Kupy area
Senegal	Djoudj wetlands
South Sudan	Sudd (Bahr-el-Jebel system)
Sri Lanka	Mundel Lake
Sri Lanka	Periyakadawela
Sri Lanka	Wirawila Tank
Türkiye	Kızılırmak Delta
Ukraine	Mishuryn Rig
Ukraine	Oril' river valley
Ukraine	Pryp'yat' river valley
Ukraine	Samars'kyj forest
Ukraine	Tsybul'kivs'ki lakes
Uzbekistan	Rogatoe Lake
Vietnam	Tram Chim

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over 8ha)	suitable	non-breeding
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded	suitable	breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	suitable	passage
Marine Intertidal	Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)	suitable	passage
Marine Neritic	Estuaries	suitable	passage
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Inland Deltas	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threats & impact

Threat (level 1)

Threat (level 2)

Impact and Stresses

Biological resource use

Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Medium Impact: 6

Stresses
Species disturbance, Species mortality

Biological resource use

Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Unintentional effects (species is not the target)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Species mortality

Climate change & severe weather

Droughts

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Human intrusions & disturbance

Work & other activities

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Clostridium botulinum

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Past, Likely to Return

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Past Impact

Stresses
Species mortality

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Neovison vison

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 subtype)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Past, Likely to Return

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Past Impact

Stresses
Species mortality

Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

Viral/prion-induced diseases - West Nile Virus (WNV)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Declines

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Species mortality

Natural system modifications

Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Natural system modifications

Dams & water management/use - Large dams

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Natural system modifications

Other ecosystem modifications

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Utilisation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Garganey Spatula querquedula. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/garganey-spatula-querquedula on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.