• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. auritus, P. brasilianus and P. harrisi moved into Nannopterum (HBW and BirdLife International 2018).

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2018. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 3. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v3_Nov18.zip.
Kennedy, Martyn & Spencer, Hamish. 2014. Classification of the Cormorants of the World. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution. 79: 249-257.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	28,100,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	21,500,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2009
Population trend	increasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	8.6 years	-	-	-

Trend justification: The overall population trend is increasing, although some populations may be stable and others have unknown trends (Delany and Scott 2006). In North America, this species has undergone a large and statistically significant increase over the last 40 years (2200% increase over 40 years, equating to a 120% increase per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Antigua and Barbuda	extant	native
Bahamas	extant	native
Barbados	extant	native
Belize	extant	native
Bermuda (to UK)	extant	native				yes
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	extant	vagrant
Canada	extant	native	yes			yes
Cayman Islands (to UK)	extant	native
Cuba	extant	native
Curaçao (to Netherlands)	extant	vagrant
Dominica	extant	native
Dominican Republic	extant	native
Guadeloupe (to France)	extant	native
Guatemala	extant	uncertain
Haiti	extant	native
Ireland	extant	vagrant
Jamaica	extant	vagrant
Martinique (to France)	extant	native
Mexico	extant	native
Montserrat (to UK)	extant	native
Portugal	extant	vagrant
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extant	native
Sint Maarten (to Netherlands)	extant	vagrant
St Kitts and Nevis	extant	native
St Lucia	extant	native
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	extant	native	yes			yes
St Vincent and the Grenadines	extant	native
Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK)	extant	native
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant
USA	extant	native		yes
Virgin Islands (to UK)	extant	vagrant
Virgin Islands (to USA)	extant	vagrant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Canada	Balabas Island
Canada	Pelee Island Archipelago
Canada	Presqu'ile Provincial Park
Canada	South Long Island
Cuba	Humedal Sur de Pinar del Río
Cuba	Río Máximo
Mexico	Agiabampo
Mexico	Archipiélago Loreto
Mexico	Bahía e Islas de San Jorge
Mexico	Bahía Magdalena-Almejas
Mexico	Bahía Navachiste
Mexico	Complejo Lagunar Ojo de Liebre
Mexico	Estero Cardonal
Mexico	Estero Santa Cruz
USA	East Sand Island
USA	Outer Banks Inshore Ocean

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Pelagic	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	major	breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	major	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Altitude	0 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Double-crested Cormorant Nannopterum auritum. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/double-crested-cormorant-nannopterum-auritum on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.