Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2020 | Near Threatened | A3cd |
2016 | Near Threatened | A2cd |
2012 | Near Threatened | B1ab(iii,v); C1+2a(i) |
2008 | Near Threatened | B1a+b(iii,v); C1; C2a(i) |
2004 | Near Threatened | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1988 | Near Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | 242 g |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 590,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 16000-27000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2017 |
Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 1995-2024 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 10-20% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 10-20% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 9.63 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: Population estimates for the Bahamas and Cayman Islands are as follows: 6,557 ± 925 on Grand Cayman in 2016, 688 ± 88 on Cayman Brac in 2017 (DoE 2017, Haakonsson et al. 2017), 8,000-13,000 on Great Inagua, 3,000-5,000 on Abaco and around 10 individuals on New Providence (Bahamas National Trust 2016, S. Cant-Woodside in litt. 2016). The population on Cuba is estimated to number 7,000-14,000 individuals based on recorded population density estimates and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. The total population is therefore estimated to number 24,242-40,268 individuals, which equates to 16,161-26,845 mature individuals, rounded here to 16,000-27,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: The species is considered to be declining owing mainly to trapping and destruction of nest sites. The population in the Bahamas is considered to have remained stable or increased. The Cayman Islands populations have increased since hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Paloma (2009) and are expected to benefit from a current registration initiative of captive birds. However, the populations are increasingly clumped due to habitat destruction, which significantly reduces the resilience of both the Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac populations (DoE 2019). The Cuban population is thought to have declined over recent years, mainly due to poaching (Cañizares 2012, M. Cañizares in litt. 2016). Although there is no data on the extent of this decline, the species has been classified as Vulnerable in Cuba (Cañizares 2012). The overall population is therefore suspected to have declined by 10-20% over the past three generations. Particularly away from Cuba, the species has benefited from effective conservation action, including the provision of artificial nestboxes (Waugh 2006) and reforestation. If these measures were to stop, population declines would likely accelerate quickly to a rate of 20-29% over three generations.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bahamas | extant | native | yes | |||
Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
Cuba | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Bahamas | Great Inagua |
Bahamas | Southern Abaco |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Bluff Forest |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Botanic Park and Salina Reserve |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Central Mangrove Wetland |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Eastern Dry Forest |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Frank Sound Forest |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Franklin's Forest |
Cayman Islands (to UK) | Mastic Reserve |
Cuba | Alejandro de Humboldt |
Cuba | Alturas de Banao |
Cuba | Cienaga de Lanier y Sur de la Isla de la Juventud |
Cuba | Ciénaga de Zapata |
Cuba | Desembarco del Granma |
Cuba | Gran Humedal del Norte de Ciego de Ávila |
Cuba | Guanahacabibes |
Cuba | La Mensura |
Cuba | Limones - Tuabaquey |
Cuba | Mil Cumbres |
Cuba | Pico Cristal |
Cuba | Sierra del Chorrillo |
Cuba | Topes de Collantes |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | resident |
Savanna | Dry | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 1100 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cuban Amazon Amazona leucocephala. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cuban-amazon-amazona-leucocephala on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.