• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	A3c	A3c; D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2017	Endangered	A3c
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2013	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2010	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2009	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2008	Critically Endangered
2006	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	347,000 km2	medium
Number of locations	3	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	250-999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2014
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2000-2010
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	50%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.7 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	3	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is assumed to be very small as the species avoided detection for so long. The total number of mature individuals was previously estimated at 50-249 (at least 50 in Emas National Park and up to 100 in Alto Rio Juruena, Mato Grosso). The species has since been recorded at more localities and the National Red List of Brazil estimated the population to number less than 1,000 mature individuals (MMA 2014). The population is therefore placed in the band of 250-999 mature individuals, with the largest subpopulation numbering 250-500.

Trend justification: Although very poorly known, outside of the protected areas in which it occurs this species's population is suspected to be decreasing owing to declines in habitat quality. An impending hydroelectric project planned for Bacia do Alto Juruena and involving the construction of five hydroelectric plants will flood the Juruena river area, which appears to be the global stronghold for the species, and could extinguish more than half of the total population in a short time (MMA 2014).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brazil	extant	native		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Alto Rio Juruena
Brazil	Parque Nacional das Emas
Brazil	Rio Claro
Brazil	Tirecatinga / Utiariti

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 300 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Very Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Cone-billed Tanager Conothraupis mesoleuca. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/cone-billed-tanager-conothraupis-mesoleuca on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.