• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	B1ab(ii,iii,iv)+2ab(ii,iii,iv)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Vulnerable	B1ab(ii,iii,iv)+2ab(ii,iii,iv)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2012	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	2,900 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,800 km2
Number of locations	6-20	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2023
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2017-2029
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-25%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-25%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	15-25%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.04 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size of this species has not been formally estimated. It is described as 'scarce' by Lambert (1994) and 'uncommon' by Eaton et al. (2021) but is an elusive species that is easily overlooked (Bashari 2011, Mittermeier et al. 2013). Nonetheless, with only 1,200 km² of forest within its range (per Global Forest Watch 2023), and suggestion that it is uncommon, it is possible that its population size is relatively small. Precautionarily, the population size is therefore placed in the bracket of 2,500-10,000 mature individuals, but this requires confirmation.

Trend justification: This species is believed to be strictly dependent on lowland forest (Eaton et al. 2021). In the three generations (c.12 years; Bird et al. 2020) to 2022, forest cover in this species' mapped range reduced by 15% (Global Forest Watch 2023, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). Although it is at least somewhat tolerant of degradation, most habitat losses on Obi have amounted to total clearance to make way for mines and large-scale plantations. As a frugivore, that appears to be at least partially nomadic, it may depend on a network of feeding sites that vary spatially and temporally, making it especially vulnerable to habitat losses. Moreover, as a large-bodied species, it may be subject to some hunting pressure, although this species is elusive and other large-bodied species (e.g. other pigeons) on Obi are relatively common; hence hunting is considered only a minor threat. Overall the species is suspected to have declined by 15-25% over the past three generations, and the same rate is precautionarily suspected to occur in the future, with no mitigation of threats apparent and none of Obi's lowland forests protected (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2023).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Gunung Batu Putih

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 550 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - animal	subsistence

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Carunculated Fruit-dove Ptilinopus granulifrons. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/carunculated-fruit-dove-ptilinopus-granulifrons on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.