• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	11,100,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	300000-849999 mature individuals	-	estimated	2012
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	3.9 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The European population is estimated at 8,000-21,000 pairs, which equates to 16,000-42,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms <5% of the global range so a very preliminary estimate of the global population is 320,000-840,000 mature individuals although further validation of this estimate is needed. The population is therefore placed in the band 300,000-849,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats. In Europe the population size is estimated to be fluctuating (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native	yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes
Bangladesh	possibly extinct	native		yes
Bhutan	extant	native		yes
Cyprus	extant	native	yes
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Guam (to USA)	possibly extinct	introduced		yes
India	extant	native		yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native	yes
Iraq	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	native	yes
Italy	extinct	native	yes
Jordan	extant	native	yes
Lebanon	extant	vagrant			yes
Nepal	extant	native		yes
Pakistan	extant	native		yes
Palestine	extant	native	yes
Portugal	extant	reintroduced	yes
Saudi Arabia	possibly extinct	native	yes
Spain	extinct	native	yes
Syria	extant	native	yes
Türkiye	extant	native	yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
USA	possibly extinct	introduced		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Armenia	Meghri
Azerbaijan	Barda tugai forest
Azerbaijan	Korchai area
Azerbaijan	Shamkhor area
Cyprus	Akamas and Agia Aikaterini – Agia Paraskevi Gorges
Cyprus	Akrotiri Peninsula - Episkopi Cliffs
Cyprus	Atsas-Agios Theodoros Area
Cyprus	Cape Greco
Cyprus	Cha Potami River
Cyprus	Diarizos Valley
Cyprus	Ezousa Valley and Cliffs
Cyprus	Famagusta Lakes
Cyprus	Karpasia Peninsula - Kleides Islands
Cyprus	Kormakitis Peninsula
Cyprus	Koshi-Pallourokampos and Troulloi Plain
Cyprus	Larnaca Salt Lakes
Cyprus	Mesaoria Plain
Cyprus	Oroklini Lake
Cyprus	Pafos Plain
Cyprus	Panagia Stazousa River
Cyprus	Paralimni Lake
Cyprus	Pentashoinos River
Cyprus	Saramas Valley
Cyprus	Xeros Valley and Hanoutaris Cliffs
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Dez river marshes and plains
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Horeh Bamdej
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Karkheh river marshes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Mehrouyeh Wildlife Refuge
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Miankaleh Peninsula and Gorgan Bay
Iraq	Anah and Rawa
Iraq	Baquba wetlands
Israel	Jezre'el, Harod and Bet She'an valleys
Israel	Lake Kinneret and Kinerot
Jordan	Maghtas - Sweimeh
Jordan	Northern Jordan Valley (North Ghor)
Palestine	Jericho
Saudi Arabia	Al-Hasa lagoons
Syria	Euphrates valley
Syria	Jabal Abdul Aziz
Syria	Ras al-Ayn

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 2500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/black-francolin-francolinus-francolinus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.