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Site description (2006 baseline):
Site location and context
Chatyr-Kul is one of the largest drainless freshwater reservoirs in Kyrgyzstan. The Lake basin occupies the lowest part of tectonic ravine and situated between At-Bashi and Torugart-Too mountain ranges at over 3500 m above sea level.The length of the lake catchment is a weakly broken accumulative relief of mixed fluvial and lacustrine origins. Shores are mainly low-lying mostly swampy in the south and east and consist of 6 terraces. Only in the north, where limestone cliffs are too close to the water, shores are high.
Lake basin is positioned in the zone of permafrost, in extremely cold weather conditions of this Inner Tian-Shan region.
Climate of Chatyrkul region is sharp continental. Average annual air temperature is negative -5,6°, the summer maximum is +24°, the winter minimum is -50°. The average amount of precipitation is 208-209 mm of which 88-90% is received in summer. Winter with a lack of snowfall. The catchment basin is ca. 1050 km2. River network is poorly developed. Of 24 small rivers flowing into the lake, only Kok-Argyn river has permanent watercourse. Rivers freeze in winter.
The waters of the lake have low salinity level and related to the chloride-bicarbonate-sodium-magnesium type. The water color of the lake is yellowish-green with 4 m transparency. The water temperatures in July August vary between 6-16°.
The lake is 22,8 km long and 10,5 km wide, surface area is 161,1 km2, the maximum depth is 16,5 m, average is 3,8 m, volume is 620 million m3, the length of the coastlines is 58,5 km.
Criterion A3 is of primer importance for the site because species of Biome 05 are poorly represented here (Eurasian highland), a total of 9 species in 32 (28%) from Biome 02 are seen here, while Biome 04ab is poorly represented with 1-2 species.
Vulnerable species classified as A1 include 4 species, their population numbers are yet to be surveyed. Same holds true for many of the species listed for Biomes whose population numbers are only very approximate.Considering the fact of global land acquisition, drainage of wetland areas, deforestation, etc. there are less and less habitats for birds on the Planet Earth. Lake Chatyr-Kul is one of few mass breeding places of birds, less susceptible to human-induced factors. Lake is positioned along the flyway of waterfowl and is the only place offering refuge to some of globally threatened species. Only based on these factors the lake is to be designated as protected area. On the territory ornithologists of Kyrgyzstan conducted llong-term studies of avian fauna with some intervals. The results of these studies have been published in many scientific articles and monographs (Bogdanov, 1900, Yanushevich, 1955, Kidiraliev, 1990, 1962, 1973, Stepanyan, 1960, Ostashenko, Davletbakov). During the long-term observations we have recorded 77 bird species, of which 9 are resident, breeding and migrants. Apart from this data species listed in Red book of Kyrgyzstan (2005) are of special interest, totalling 7.
Non-bird biodiversity: Large mammals known to occur here are Argali (Ovis ammon), Grey marmot (Marmota baibacina), Beech marten (Martes foina) and Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) are common. Plant life is presented with ca. 300 species, where Poaceae family predominates.
The main land-use types used at the lake are cattle grazing, that causes negative impact on birds as a disturbance factor. At present, this threat has decreased.
Pressure/threats to key biodiversity
Human disturbance (B) and other
Conservation responses/actions for key biodiversity
Ornithological studies on the Chatyr-Kul lake have long history. Early days studies were held in 1900. More recent works were initiated between 50s and 80s. At this moment it is necessary to study the species composition , their distribution and population size of select species in order to get an overview of the trend changes in the avian fauna of the lake. Ichthyologists of Issyk-Kul region, particularly the Biostation and Fishing inspection sent a letter to the Government of Kyrgyzstan with a request to remove the lake Chatyr-Kul from the reserve area and re-allocate it to the fish farms of Issyk-Kul region with a purpose to introduce fish stock and provide solution to the food programme. The Government’s response was positive. This decision served as a prerequisite to adopt various measures to save the protected area, because lake Chatyr-Kul is the only and last breeding place of Bar-headed goose local population. Later joint efforts allowed to retain the state reserve status. The current status of breeding populations need additional research.
In the protected area is intensive catlle grazing, also poaching. On the southern part of the lake from 2-3 km are situated border outposts, which are poaching as well.
Data-sheet compiled on 03-Oct-2006 by Davletbaky Askar Temirbekovich, received by BirdLife Cambridge May 2008, translated by Tsovinar Hovhannisyan in summer 2010, entered into WBDB by Rory McCann in autumn 2010.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Lake Chatyr-Kul (Kyrgyzstan). Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-chatyr-kul-iba-kyrgyzstan on 23/12/2024.
